signal.h(0p)

NAME

signal.h - signals

SYNOPSIS

#include <signal.h>

DESCRIPTION

Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends the ISO C standard. Applications shall define the appropriate feature test macro (see the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 2.2, The Compilation Environment) to enable the visibility of these symbols in this header.

The <signal.h> header shall define the following symbolic constants, each of which expands to a distinct constant expression of the type:

void (*)(int)

whose value matches no declarable function.

SIG_DFL

Request for default signal handling.

SIG_ERR

Return value from signal() in case of error.

SIG_HOLD

Request that signal be held.

SIG_IGN

Request that signal be ignored.

The following data types shall be defined through typedef:

sig_atomic_t

Possibly volatile-qualified integer type of an object that can be accessed as an atomic entity, even in the presence of asynchronous interrupts.

sigset_t

Integer or structure type of an object used to represent sets of signals.

pid_t As described in <sys/types.h> .

The <signal.h> header shall define the sigevent structure, which has at least the following members:

int sigev_notify Notification type. int sigev_signo Signal number. union sigval sigev_value Signal value. void(*)(union sigval) sigev_notify_function Notification function. (pthread_attr_t *) sigev_notify_attributes Notification attributes.

The following values of sigev_notify shall be defined:

SIGEV_NONE

No asynchronous notification is delivered when the event of interest occurs.

SIGEV_SIGNAL

A queued signal, with an application-defined value, is generated when the event of interest occurs.

SIGEV_THREAD

A notification function is called to perform notification.

The sigval union shall be defined as:

int sival_int Integer signal value. void *sival_ptr Pointer signal value.

This header shall also declare the macros SIGRTMIN and SIGRTMAX, which evaluate to integer expressions, and specify a range of signal numbers that are reserved for application use and for which the realtime signal behavior specified in this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 is supported. The signal numbers in this range do not overlap any of the signals specified in the following table.

The range SIGRTMIN through SIGRTMAX inclusive shall include at least {RTSIG_MAX} signal numbers.

It is implementation-defined whether realtime signal behavior is supported for other signals.

This header also declares the constants that are used to refer to the signals that occur in the system. Signals defined here begin with the letters SIG. Each of the signals have distinct positive integer values. The value 0 is reserved for use as the null signal (see kill()). Additional implementation-defined signals may occur in the system.

The ISO C standard only requires the signal names SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGINT, SIGSEGV, and SIGTERM to be defined.

The following signals shall be supported on all implementations (default actions are explained below the table):

Signal Default Action Description SIGABRT A Process abort signal.
SIGALRM T Alarm clock.
SIGBUS A Access to an undefined portion of a mem

ory object.

SIGCHLD I Child process terminated, stopped,

or continued.

SIGCONT C Continue executing, if stopped.
SIGFPE A Erroneous arithmetic operation.
SIGHUP T Hangup.
SIGILL A Illegal instruction.
SIGINT T Terminal interrupt signal.
SIGKILL T Kill (cannot be caught or ignored).
SIGPIPE T Write on a pipe with no one to read it.
SIGQUIT A Terminal quit signal.
SIGSEGV A Invalid memory reference.
SIGSTOP S Stop executing (cannot be caught or

ignored).

SIGTERM T Termination signal.
SIGTSTP S Terminal stop signal.
SIGTTIN S Background process attempting read.
SIGTTOU S Background process attempting write.
SIGUSR1 T User-defined signal 1.
SIGUSR2 T User-defined signal 2.
SIGPOLL T Pollable event.
SIGPROF T Profiling timer expired.

SIGSYS A Bad system call.
SIGTRAP A Trace/breakpoint trap.
SIGURG I High bandwidth data is available at a

socket.

SIGVTALRM T Virtual timer expired.
SIGXCPU A CPU time limit exceeded.
SIGXFSZ A File size limit exceeded.

The default actions are as follows:

T Abnormal termination of the process. The process is terminated

with all the consequences of _exit() except that the status made available to wait() and waitpid() indicates abnormal termination by the specified signal.

A Abnormal termination of the process.

Additionally, implementation-defined abnormal termination actions, such as creation of a core file, may occur.

I Ignore the signal.

S Stop the process.

C Continue the process, if it is stopped; otherwise, ignore the

signal.

The header shall provide a declaration of struct sigaction, including at least the following members:

void (*sa_handler)(int) Pointer to a signal-catching function or one of the macros

SIG_IGN or SIG_DFL.

sigset_t sa_mask Set of signals to be blocked during execution of the signal

handling function.

int sa_flags Special flags.
void (*sa_sigaction)(int, siginfo_t *, void *)

Pointer to a signal-catching function.

The storage occupied by sa_handler and sa_sigaction may overlap, and a conforming application shall not use both simultaneously.

The following shall be declared as constants:

SA_NOCLDSTOP

Do not generate SIGCHLD when children stop
or stopped children continue.

SIG_BLOCK

The resulting set is the union of the current set and the signal set pointed to by the argument set.

SIG_UNBLOCK

The resulting set is the intersection of the current set and the complement of the signal set pointed to by the argument set.

SIG_SETMASK

The resulting set is the signal set pointed to by the argument set.

SA_ONSTACK

Causes signal delivery to occur on an alternate stack.

SA_RESETHAND

Causes signal dispositions to be set to SIG_DFL on entry to signal handlers.

SA_RESTART

Causes certain functions to become restartable.

SA_SIGINFO

Causes extra information to be passed to signal handlers at the time of receipt of a signal.

SA_NOCLDWAIT

Causes implementations not to create zombie processes on child death.

SA_NODEFER

Causes signal not to be automatically blocked on entry to signal handler.

SS_ONSTACK

Process is executing on an alternate signal stack.

SS_DISABLE

Alternate signal stack is disabled.

MINSIGSTKSZ

Minimum stack size for a signal handler.

SIGSTKSZ

Default size in bytes for the alternate signal stack.

The ucontext_t structure shall be defined through typedef as described in <ucontext.h>.

The mcontext_t type shall be defined through typedef as described in <ucontext.h>.

The <signal.h> header shall define the stack_t type as a structure that includes at least the following members:

void *ss_sp Stack base or pointer. size_t ss_size Stack size.
int ss_flags Flags.

The <signal.h> header shall define the sigstack structure that includes at least the following members:

int ss_onstack Non-zero when signal stack is in use. void *ss_sp Signal stack pointer.

The <signal.h> header shall define the siginfo_t type as a structure that includes at least the following members:

int si_signo Signal number.

int si_errno If non-zero, an errno value associated with

this signal, as defined in <errno.h>.

int si_code Signal code.

pid_t si_pid Sending process ID. uid_t si_uid Real user ID of sending process. void *si_addr Address of faulting instruction. int si_status Exit value or signal. long si_band Band event for SIGPOLL.

union sigval si_value Signal value.

The macros specified in the Code column of the following table are defined for use as values of si_code that are signal-specific or nonsignal-specific reasons why the signal was generated.

Signal Code Reason
SIGILL ILL_ILLOPC Illegal opcode.

ILL_ILLOPN Illegal operand.
ILL_ILLADR Illegal addressing mode.
ILL_ILLTRP Illegal trap.
ILL_PRVOPC Privileged opcode.
ILL_PRVREG Privileged register.
ILL_COPROC Coprocessor error.
ILL_BADSTK Internal stack error.

SIGFPE FPE_INTDIV Integer divide by zero.

FPE_INTOVF Integer overflow.
FPE_FLTDIV Floating-point divide by zero.
FPE_FLTOVF Floating-point overflow.
FPE_FLTUND Floating-point underflow.
FPE_FLTRES Floating-point inexact result.
FPE_FLTINV Invalid floating-point operation.
FPE_FLTSUB Subscript out of range.

SIGSEGV SEGV_MAPERR Address not mapped to object.

SEGV_ACCERR Invalid permissions for mapped object.

SIGBUS BUS_ADRALN Invalid address alignment.

BUS_ADRERR Nonexistent physical address.
BUS_OBJERR Object-specific hardware error.

SIGTRAP TRAP_BRKPT Process breakpoint.

TRAP_TRACE Process trace trap.

SIGCHLD CLD_EXITED Child has exited.

CLD_KILLED Child has terminated abnormally and did

not create a core file.

CLD_DUMPED Child has terminated abnormally and cre

ated a core file.

CLD_TRAPPED Traced child has trapped.
CLD_STOPPED Child has stopped.
CLD_CONTINUED Stopped child has continued.

SIGPOLL POLL_IN Data input available.

POLL_OUT Output buffers available.
POLL_MSG Input message available.
POLL_ERR I/O error.
POLL_PRI High priority input available.
POLL_HUP Device disconnected.

Any SI_USER Signal sent by kill().

SI_QUEUE Signal sent by the sigqueue(). SI_TIMER Signal generated by expiration of a

timer set by timer_settime().

SI_ASYNCIO Signal generated by completion of an

asynchronous I/O request.

SI_MESGQ Signal generated by arrival of a message

on an empty message queue.

Implementations may support additional si_code values not included in this list, may generate values included in this list under circumstances other than those described in this list, and may contain extensions or limitations that prevent some values from being generated. Implementations do not generate a different value from the ones described in this list for circumstances described in this list.

In addition, the following signal-specific information shall be available:

Signal Member Value
SIGILL void * si_addr Address of faulting instruction. SIGFPE
SIGSEGV void * si_addr Address of faulting memory reference. SIGBUS
SIGCHLD pid_t si_pid Child process ID.

int si_status Exit value or signal. uid_t si_uid Real user ID of the process that sent the signal.

SIGPOLL long si_band Band event for POLL_IN, POLL_OUT, or POLL_MSG.

For some implementations, the value of si_addr may be inaccurate.

The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as macros:

void (*bsd_signal(int, void (*)(int)))(int);

int kill(pid_t, int);

int killpg(pid_t, int);

int pthread_kill(pthread_t, int);
int pthread_sigmask(int, const sigset_t *, sigset_t *);

int raise(int);

int sigaction(int, const struct sigaction *restrict,

struct sigaction *restrict);

int sigaddset(sigset_t *, int);

int sigaltstack(const stack_t *restrict, stack_t *restrict);

int sigdelset(sigset_t *, int);
int sigemptyset(sigset_t *);
int sigfillset(sigset_t *);

int sighold(int);
int sigignore(int);
int siginterrupt(int, int);

int sigismember(const sigset_t *, int);

void (*signal(int, void (*)(int)))(int);

int sigpause(int);

int sigpending(sigset_t *);
int sigprocmask(int, const sigset_t *restrict, sigset_t *restrict);

int sigqueue(pid_t, int, const union sigval);

int sigrelse(int);
void (*sigset(int, void (*)(int)))(int);

int sigsuspend(const sigset_t *);

int sigtimedwait(const sigset_t *restrict, siginfo_t *restrict,

const struct timespec *restrict);

int sigwait(const sigset_t *restrict, int *restrict);

int sigwaitinfo(const sigset_t *restrict, siginfo_t *restrict);

Inclusion of the <signal.h> header may make visible all symbols from the <time.h> header.

The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE

None.

RATIONALE

None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

None.

SEE ALSO

<errno.h> , <stropts.h> , <sys/types.h> , <time.h> , <ucontext.h> , the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, alarm(), bsd_signal(), ioctl(), kill(), killpg(), raise(), sigaction(), sigaddset(), sigaltstack(), sigdelset(), sigemptyset(), sigfillset(), siginterrupt(), sigismember(), signal(), sigpending(), sigprocmask(), sigqueue(), sigsuspend(), sigwaitinfo(), wait(), waitid()