why.py:30:(1)
NAME
why.py:30: - Closed World Machine, an RDF/N3 semantic web data processor
DESCRIPTION
- Command line RDF/N3 tool
- <command> <options> <steps> [--with <more args> ]
OPTIONS
--pipe Don't store, just pipe out *
steps, in order left to right:
--rdf Input & Output ** in RDF/XML instead of n3 from now on
--n3 Input & Output in N3 from now on. (Default)
- --rdf=flags
- Input & Output ** in RDF and set given RDF flags
- --n3=flags
- Input & Output in N3 and set N3 flags
- --ntriples
- Input & Output in NTriples (equiv --n3=usbpartane -bySubject -quiet)
- --language=x
- Input & Output in "x" (rdf, n3, etc) --rdf same as: --language=rdf
- --languageOptions=y
- --n3=sp same as: --language=n3 --languageOptions=sp
- --ugly Store input and regurgitate, data only, fastest *
- --bySubject
- Store input and regurgitate in subject order *
- --no No output *
- (default is to store and pretty print with anonymous nodes) *
- --base=<uri>
Set the base URI. Input or output is done as though this were the document URI.
- --closure=flags
Control automatic lookup of identifiers (see below) <uri> Load document. URI may be relative to current directory.
- --apply=foo
Read rules from foo, apply to store, adding conclusions to store
- --patch=foo
Read patches from foo, applying insertions and deletions to store
- --filter=foo
Read rules from foo, apply to store, REPLACING store with conclusions
- --query=foo
Read a N3QL query from foo, apply it to the store, and replace the store with its conclusions
- --sparql=foo
Read a SPARQL query from foo, apply it to the store, and replace the store with its conclusions
- --rules
Apply rules in store to store, adding conclusions to store
- --think
as -rules but continue until no more rule matches (or forever!)
- --engine=otter
use otter (in your $PATH) instead of llyn for linking, etc
- --why Replace the store with an explanation of its contents
- --why=u
proof tries to be shorter
- --mode=flags
Set modus operandi for inference (see below)
- --reify
Replace the statements in the store with statements describing them.
- --dereify
Undo the effects of --reify
- --flatten
Reify only nested subexpressions (not top level) so that no {} remain.
- --unflatten
Undo the effects of --flatten
- --think=foo
as -apply=foo but continue until no more rule matches (or forever!)
- --purge
Remove from store any triple involving anything in class log:Chaff
- --data Remove all except plain RDF triples (formulae, forAll,
etc)
- --strings
Dump :s to stdout ordered by :k whereever { :k log:outputString :s }
- --crypto
Enable processing of crypto builtin functions. Requires python crypto.
- --help print this message
- --revision
print CVS revision numbers of major modules
- --chatty=50
Verbose debugging output of questionable use, range 0-99
- --sparqlServer
instead of outputting, start a SPARQL server on port 8000 of the store
- --sparqlResults
After sparql query, print in sparqlResults format instead of rdf
- finally:
- --with Pass any further arguments to the N3 store as os:argv
values* mutually exclusive ** doesn't work for complex cases :-/
EXAMPLES
- cwm --rdf foo.rdf --n3 --pipe
- Convert from rdf/xml to rdf/n3
- cwm foo.n3 bar.n3 --think
- Combine data and find all deductions
- cwm foo.n3 --flat --n3=spart
- Mode flags affect inference extending to the web:
- r Needed to enable any remote stuff.
- a When reading schema, also load rules pointed to by schema
(requires r, s)
- E Errors loading schemas of definitive documents are ignored
- m Schemas and definitive documents loaded are merged into the meta
knowledge (otherwise they are consulted independently)
- s Read the schema for any predicate in a query.
- u Generate unique ids using a run-specific
- Closure flags are set to cause the working formula to be automatically expanded to the closure under the operation of looking up:
- s the subject of a statement added
- p the predicate of a statement added
- o the object of a statement added
- t the object of an rdf:type statement added
- i any owl:imports documents
- r any doc:rules documents
- E errors are ignored --- This is independant of --mode=E
- n Normalize IRIs to URIs
- e Smush together any nodes which are = (owl:sameAs)
- See http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/doc/cwm for more documentation.
- Setting the environment variable CWM_RDFLIB to 1 makes Cwm use rdflib to parse rdf/xml files. Note that this requires rdflib.
- Flags for N3 output are as follows:
- a Anonymous nodes should be output using the _: convention (p flag or not). d Don't use default namespace (empty prefix) e escape literals --- use \u notation i Use identifiers from store - don't regen on output l List syntax suppression. Don't use (..) n No numeric syntax - use strings typed with ^^ syntax p Prefix suppression - don't use them, always URIs in <> instead of qnames. q Quiet - don't output comments about version and base URI used. r Relative URI suppression. Always use absolute URIs. s Subject must be explicit for every statement. Don't use ";" shorthand. t "this" and "()" special syntax should be suppressed. u Use \u for unicode escaping in URIs instead of utf-8 %XX v Use "this log:forAll" for @forAll, and "this log:forAll" for "@forSome". / If namespace has no # in it, assume it ends at the last slash if outputting.
- Flags for N3 input:
- B Turn any blank node into an existentially qualified explicitly named node.
- Flags to control RDF/XML output (after --rdf=) areas follows:
- b - Don't use nodeIDs for Bnodes c - Don't use elements as class
names d - Default namespace supressed. l - Don't use RDF collection
syntax for lists r - Relative URI suppression. Always use absolute
URIs. z - Allow relative URIs for namespaces
Flags to control RDF/XML INPUT (after --rdf=) follow: - S - Strict spec. Unknown parse type treated as Literal instead of
error.
- T - take foreign XML as transparent and parse any RDF in it
(default is to ignore unless rdf:RDF at top level) - L - If non-rdf attributes have no namespace prefix, assume in
local <#> namespace
- D - Assume default namespace declared as local document is assume
xmlns=""
- R - Do not require an outer <rdf:RDF>, treating the file as RDF
content (opposite of T)Note: The parser (sax2rdf) does not support reification, bagIds, or parseType=Literal.It does support the rest of RDF incl. datatypes, xml:lang, and nodeIds.
- import md5, binascii
# for building md5 URIs
- 1.197