JOIN(1)

NAME

join - join lines of two files on a common field

SYNOPSIS

join [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2

DESCRIPTION

For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.

-a FILENUM

print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2

-e EMPTY

replace missing input fields with EMPTY

-i, --ignore-case

ignore differences in case when comparing fields

-j FIELD

equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'

-o FORMAT

obey FORMAT while constructing output line

-t CHAR

use CHAR as input and output field separator

-v FILENUM

like -a FILENUM, but suppress joined output lines

-1 FIELD

join on this FIELD of file 1

-2 FIELD

join on this FIELD of file 2

--check-order

check that the input is correctly sorted, even if all input lines are pairable

--nocheck-order

do not check that the input is correctly sorted

--header

treat the first line in each file as field headers, print them without trying to pair them

--help display this help and exit

--version

output version information and exit

Unless -t CHAR is given, leading blanks separate fields and are ignored, else fields are separated by CHAR. Any FIELD is a field number counted from 1. FORMAT is one or more comma or blank separated specifications, each being `FILENUM.FIELD' or `0'. Default FORMAT outputs the join field, the remaining fields from FILE1, the remaining fields from FILE2, all separated by CHAR.

Important: FILE1 and FILE2 must be sorted on the join fields. E.g., use ` sort -k 1b,1 ' if `join' has no options, or use ` join -t '' ' if `sort' has no options. Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'. If the input is not sorted and some lines cannot be joined, a warning message will be given.

AUTHOR

Written by Mike Haertel.

REPORTING BUGS

Report join bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
Report join translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT

Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO

comm(1), uniq(1)

The full documentation for join is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and join programs are properly installed at your site, the command

info coreutils 'join invocation'

should give you access to the complete manual.

GNU coreutils 8.5 April 2010 JOIN(1)