systat(1)

NAME

systat - display system statistics on a crt

SYNOPSIS

systat [-display] [refresh-interval]

DESCRIPTION

The systat utility displays various system statistics in a

screen oriented fashion using the curses screen display library,

ncurses(3).

While systat is running the screen is usually divided into

two windows
(an exception is the vmstat display which uses the entire

screen). The
upper window depicts the current system load average. The

information
displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on user

commands. The
last line on the screen is reserved for user input and error

messages.

By default systat displays the processes getting the largest

percentage
of the processor in the lower window. Other displays show

swap space
usage, disk I/O statistics (a la iostat(8)), virtual memory

statistics (a
la vmstat(8)), network ``mbuf'' utilization, TCP/IP statis

tics, and network connections (a la netstat(1)).

Input is interpreted at two different levels. A ``global''

command
interpreter processes all keyboard input. If this command

interpreter
fails to recognize a command, the input line is passed to a

per-display
command interpreter. This allows each display to have cer

tain displayspecific commands.

Command line options:

-display The - flag expects display to be one of:

icmp, icmp6,

ifstat, iostat, ip, ip6, mbufs, netstat,

pigs, swap,
tcp, or vmstat. These displays can also

be requested
interactively (without the ``-'') and are

described in
full detail below.

refresh-interval The refresh-value specifies the screen re

fresh time

interval in seconds.

Certain characters cause immediate action by systat. These

are

^L Refresh the screen.

^G Print the name of the current ``display'' being

shown in the

lower window and the refresh interval.

: Move the cursor to the command line and inter

pret the input

line typed as a command. While entering a com

mand the current character erase, word erase, and line kill

characters
may be used.

The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''

command interpreter.

help Print the names of the available displays on the

command

line.

load Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and

15 minutes on

the command line.

stop Stop refreshing the screen.

[start] [number]

Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a

second,
numeric, argument is provided it is interpreted

as a refresh
interval (in seconds). Supplying only a number

will set the
refresh interval to this value.

quit Exit systat. (This may be abbreviated to q.)

The available displays are:

pigs Display, in the lower window, those processes

resident in

main memory and getting the largest portion of

the processor
(the default display). When less than 100% of

the processor
is scheduled to user processes, the remaining

time is
accounted to the ``idle'' process.

icmp Display, in the lower window, statistics about

messages

received and transmitted by the Internet Control

Message Protocol (``ICMP''). The left half of the screen

displays
information about received packets, and the

right half displays information regarding transmitted packets.

The icmp display understands two commands: mode

and reset.
The mode command is used to select one of four

display modes,
given as its argument:
rate: show the rate of change of each val

ue in packets

(the default) per second

delta: show the rate of change of each val

ue in packets

per refresh interval

since: show the total change of each value

since the

display was last reset

absolute: show the absolute value of each

statistic

The reset command resets the baseline for since

mode. The
mode command with no argument will display the

current mode
in the command line.

icmp6 This display is like the icmp display, but dis

plays statis

tics for IPv6 ICMP.

ip Otherwise identical to the icmp display, except

that it dis

plays IP and UDP statistics.

ip6 Like the ip display, except that it displays

IPv6 statics.

It does not display UDP statistics.

tcp Like icmp, but with TCP statistics.

iostat Display, in the lower window, statistics about

processor use

and disk throughput. Statistics on processor

use appear as
bar graphs of the amount of time executing in

user mode
(``user''), in user mode running low priority

processes
(``nice''), in system mode (``system''), in in

terrupt mode
(``interrupt''), and idle (``idle''). Statis

tics on disk
throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per

second, average number of disk transactions per second, and

average kilobytes of data per transaction. This information

may be displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which

scroll downward. Bar graphs are shown by default.

The following commands are specific to the

iostat display;
the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.

numbers Show the disk I/O statistics in nu

meric form.

Values are displayed in numeric

columns which
scroll downward.

bars Show the disk I/O statistics in bar

graph form

(default).

kbpt Toggle the display of kilobytes per

transaction.

(the default is to not display kilo

bytes per
transaction).

swap Show information about swap space usage on all

the swap areas

compiled into the kernel. The first column is

the device
name of the partition. The next column is the

total space
available in the partition. The Used column in

dicates the
total blocks used so far; the graph shows the

percentage of
space in use on each partition. If there are

more than one
swap partition in use, a total line is also

shown. Areas
known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as

not available.

mbufs Display, in the lower window, the number of

mbufs allocated

for particular uses, i.e., data, socket struc

tures, etc.

vmstat Take over the entire display and show a (rather

crowded) com

pendium of statistics related to virtual memory

usage, process scheduling, device interrupts, system name

translation
caching, disk I/O etc.

The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the

number of
users logged in and the load average over the

last one, five,
and fifteen minute intervals. Below this line

are statistics
on memory utilization. The first row of the

table reports
memory usage only among active processes, that

is processes
that have run in the previous twenty seconds.

The second row
reports on memory usage of all processes. The

first column
reports on the number of physical pages claimed

by processes.
The second column reports the number of physical

pages that
are devoted to read only text pages. The third

and fourth
columns report the same two figures for virtual

pages, that
is the number of pages that would be needed if

all processes
had all of their pages. Finally the last column

shows the
number of physical pages on the free list.

Below the memory display is a list of the aver

age number of
processes (over the last refresh interval) that

are runnable
(`r'), in page wait (`p'), in disk wait other

than paging
(`d'), sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but de

siring to run
(`w'). The row also shows the average number of

context
switches (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page

faults), system
calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'), network soft

ware interrupts (`Sof'), and page faults (`Flt').

Below the process queue length listing is a nu

merical listing
and a bar graph showing the amount of system

(shown as `='),
interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),

nice (shown as
`-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').

Below the process display are statistics on name

translations. It lists the number of names translated

in the previous interval, the number and percentage of the

translations
that were handled by the system wide name trans

lation cache,
and the number and percentage of the transla

tions that were
handled by the per process name translation

cache.

At the bottom left is the disk usage display.

It reports the
number of kilobytes per transaction, transac

tions per second,
megabytes per second and the percentage of the

time the disk
was busy averaged over the refresh period of the

display (by
default, five seconds). The system keeps

statistics on most
every storage device. In general, up to seven

devices are
displayed. The devices displayed by default are

the first
devices in the kernel's device list. See devs

tat(3) and
devstat(9) for details on the devstat system.

Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant

are statistics on paging and swapping activity. The first

two columns
report the average number of pages brought in

and out per
second over the last refresh interval due to

page faults and
the paging daemon. The third and fourth columns

report the
average number of pages brought in and out per

second over
the last refresh interval due to swap requests

initiated by
the scheduler. The first row of the display

shows the average number of disk transfers per second over the

last refresh
interval; the second row of the display shows

the average
number of pages transferred per second over the

last refresh
interval.

Below the paging statistics is a column of lines

regarding
the virtual memory system which list the average

number of
pages copied on write (`cow'), pages zero filled

on demand
(`zfod'), pages optimize zero filled on demand

(`ozfod'),
slow (on-the-fly) zero fills percentage (`%slo

z'), pages
wired down (`wire'), active pages (`act'), inac

tive pages
(`inact'), pages on the buffer cache queue

(`cache'), number
of free pages (`free'), pages freed by the page

daemon
(`daefr'), pages freed by exiting processes

(`prcfr'), pages
reactivated from the free list (`react'), times

the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'), pages analyzed by

the page daemon
(`pdpgs'), and intransit blocking page faults

(`intrn') per
second over the refresh interval.

At the bottom of this column are lines showing

the amount of
memory, in kilobytes, used for the buffer cache

(`buf'), the
number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache

(`dirtybuf'),
desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desiredvn

odes') (mostly
unused, except to size the name cache), number

of vnodes
actually allocated (`numvnodes'), and number of

allocated
vnodes that are free (`freevnodes').

Running down the right hand side of the display

is a breakdown of the interrupts being handled by the sys

tem. At the
top of the list is the total interrupts per sec

ond over the
time interval. The rest of the column breaks

down the total
on a device by device basis. Only devices that

have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.

The following commands are specific to the

vmstat display;
the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.

boot Display cumulative statistics

since the system

was booted.

run Display statistics as a running

total from the

point this command is given.

time Display statistics averaged over

the refresh

interval (the default).

want_fd Toggle the display of fd devices

in the disk

usage display.

zero Reset running statistics to zero.

netstat Display, in the lower window, network connec

tions. By

default, network servers awaiting requests are

not displayed.
Each address is displayed in the format

``host.port'', with
each shown symbolically, when possible. It is

possible to
have addresses displayed numerically, limit the

display to a
set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols (the mini

mum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):

all Toggle the displaying of server

processes

awaiting requests (this is the

equivalent of
the -a flag to netstat(1)).

numbers Display network addresses numeri

cally.
names Display network addresses symboli

cally.
proto protocol

Display only network connections

using the
indicated protocol. Supported

protocols are
``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.

ignore [items]

Do not display information about

connections
associated with the specified

hosts or ports.
Hosts and ports may be specified

by name
(``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numeri

cally. Host
addresses use the Internet dot no

tation
(``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items

may be specified with a single command by sep

arating them
with spaces.

display [items]

Display information about the con

nections associated with the specified hosts or

ports. As
for ignore, [items] may be names

or numbers.

show [ports|hosts]

Show, on the command line, the

currently
selected protocols, hosts, and

ports. Hosts
and ports which are being ignored

are prefixed
with a `!'. If ports or hosts is

supplied as
an argument to show, then only the

requested
information will be displayed.

reset Reset the port, host, and protocol

matching

mechanisms to the default (any

protocol, port,
or host).

ifstat Display the network traffic going through active

interfaces

on the system. Idle interfaces will not be dis

played until
they receive some traffic.

For each interface being displayed, the current,

peak and
total statistics are displayed for incoming and

outgoing
traffic. By default, the ifstat display will

automatically
scale the units being used so that they are in a

human-readable format. The scaling units used for the

current and peak
traffic columns can be altered by the scale com

mand.

scale [units] Modify the scale used to

display the

current and peak traffic

over all
interfaces. The follow

ing units are
recognised: kbit, kbyte,

mbit, mbyte,
gbit, gbyte and auto.

Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to

the minimum
unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.

Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is insufficient

for display.
For example, on a machine with 10 drives the iostat bar

graph displays
only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When a bar graph would

overflow the
allotted screen space it is truncated and the actual value

is printed
``over top'' of the bar.

The following commands are common to each display which

shows information
about disk drives. These commands are used to select a set

of drives to
report on, should your system have more drives configured

than can normally be displayed on the screen.

ignore [drives]

Do not display information about the drives

indicated.
Multiple drives may be specified, separated by

spaces.

display [drives]

Display information about the drives indicat

ed. Multiple
drives may be specified, separated by spaces.

only [drives]

Display only the specified drives. Multiple

drives may be
specified, separated by spaces.

drives Display a list of available devices.
match type,if,pass [| ...]

Display devices matching the given pattern.

The basic
matching expressions are the same as those

used in
iostat(8) with one difference. Instead of

specifying multiple -t arguments which are then ORed togeth

er, the user
instead specifies multiple matching expres

sions joined by
the pipe (`|') character. The comma separated

arguments
within each matching expression are ANDed to

gether, and
then the pipe separated matching expressions

are ORed
together. Any device matching the combined

expression will
be displayed, if there is room to display it.

For example:

match da,scsi | cd,ide

This will display all SCSI Direct Access de

vices and all
IDE CDROM devices.

match da | sa | cd,pass

This will display all Direct Access devices,

all Sequential
Access devices, and all passthrough devices

that provide
access to CDROM drives.

FILES

/boot/kernel/kernel For the namelist.
/dev/kmem For information in main memory.
/etc/hosts For host names.
/etc/networks For network names.
/etc/services For port names.

SEE ALSO

netstat(1), kvm(3), icmp(4), icmp6(4), ip(4), ip6(4),

tcp(4), udp(4),
gstat(8), iostat(8), vmstat(8)

HISTORY

The systat program appeared in 4.3BSD. The icmp, ip, and

tcp displays
appeared in FreeBSD 3.0; the notion of having different dis

play modes for
the ICMP, IP, TCP, and UDP statistics was stolen from the -C

option to
netstat(1) in Silicon Graphics' IRIX system.

BUGS

Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per

line. The vmstat
display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as

a separate
display rather than created as a new program).

BSD September 9, 1997

BSD