gfdl(7)

NAME

gfdl - GNU Free Documentation License

DESCRIPTION

GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1.2, November 2002

Copyright (c) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Founda

tion, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA

02110-1301, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute ver

batim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not

allowed.

0. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, text

book, or other functional and useful document free in the sense

of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and

redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercial

ly or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for

the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work,

while not being considered responsible for modifications made by

others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that

derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the

same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which

is a copyleft license designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for

manuals for free software, because free software needs free docu

mentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the

same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not

limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,

regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a

printed book. We recommend this License principally for works

whose purpose is instruction or reference.

1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work, in

any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder

saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License.

Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimit

ed in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated

herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or

work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed

as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or dis

tribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright

law.

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work

containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verba

tim, or with modifications and/or translated into another lan

guage.

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front

matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the

relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the

Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains

nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.

(Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a

Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The rela

tionship could be a matter of historical connection with the sub

ject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosoph

ical, ethical or political position regarding them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sec

tions whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant

Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released

under this License. If a section does not fit the above defini

tion of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as In

variant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If

the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there

are none.

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text

that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the

notice that says that the Document is released under this Li

cense. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back

Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine

readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is

available to the general public, that is suitable for revising

the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for

images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for draw

ings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable

for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a

variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy

made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or ab

sence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subse

quent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image for

mat is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of

text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies

include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX

input format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly

available @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple

@acronym{HTML}, PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human

modification. Examples of transparent image formats include

@acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats

include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by

proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} for

which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are not generally

available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML}, PostScript

or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for output pur

poses only.

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title

page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold,

legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the ti

tle page. For works in formats which do not have any title page

as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent ap

pearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body

of the text.

A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the

Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in

parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another lan

guage. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned

below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements",

or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when

you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled

XYZ" according to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to

the notice which states that this License applies to the Docu

ment. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included

by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming

warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers

may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this Li

cense.

2. VERBATIM COPYING

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medi

um, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this

License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying

this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all

copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those

of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct

or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make

or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange

for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies

you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions

stated above, and you may publicly display copies.

3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that

commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more

than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts,

you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and

legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front

cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must

also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these

copies. The front cover must present the full title with all

words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add

other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes

limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the

Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim

copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too volumi

nous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as

many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the

rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Doc

ument numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine

readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state

in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from

which the general network-using public has access to download us

ing public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy

of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter

option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin

distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this

Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated loca

tion until at least one year after the last time you distribute

an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of

that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact

the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large

number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an

updated version of the Document.

4. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the

Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided

that you release the Modified Version under precisely this Li

cense, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Docu

ment, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modi

fied Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you

must do these things in the Modified Version:

A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any)

a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of

previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in

the History section of the Document). You may use the same title

as a previous version if the original publisher of that version

gives permission.

B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more

persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifica

tions in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the

principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors,

if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this re

quirement.

C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher

of the Modified Version, as the publisher.

D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Docu

ment.

E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modi

fications adjacent to the other copyright notices.

F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices,

a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified

Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the

Addendum below.

G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of

Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Docu

ment's license notice.

H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.

I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve

its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title,

year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given

on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in

the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and

publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an

item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous

sentence.

J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in

the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Docu

ment, and likewise the network locations given in the Document

for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in

the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a

work that was published at least four years before the Document

itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to

gives permission.

K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or

"Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in

the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor

acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Docu

ment, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section num

bers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section ti

tles.

M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such

a section may not be included in the Modified Version.

N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled

"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Sec

tion.

O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sec

tions or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and con

tain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option

designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do

this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the

Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct

from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provid

ed it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version

by various parties---for example, statements of peer review or

that the text has been approved by an organization as the author

itative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front

Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text,

to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.

Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text

may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity.

If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,

previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity

you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may

replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous

publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not

by this License give permission to use their names for publicity

for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents re

leased under this License, under the terms defined in section 4

above for modified versions, provided that you include in the

combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original

documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of

your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve

all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this

License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be re

placed with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sec

tions with the same name but different contents, make the title

of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in paren

theses, the name of the original author or publisher of that sec

tion if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment

to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the

license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections En

titled "History" in the various original documents, forming one

section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Enti

tled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications".

You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document

and other documents released under this License, and replace the

individual copies of this License in the various documents with a

single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you

follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of

the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collec

tion, and distribute it individually under this License, provided

you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document,

and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim

copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with

other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a

volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggre

gate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used

to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what

the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an

aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the

aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Docu

ment.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applica

ble to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less

than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts

may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the ag

gregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document

is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed

covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so

you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms

of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations re

quires special permission from their copyright holders, but you

may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in ad

dition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You

may include a translation of this License, and all the license

notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided

that you also include the original English version of this Li

cense and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers.

In case of a disagreement between the translation and the origi

nal version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the origi

nal version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledge

ments", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4)

to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing

the actual title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute

the Document except as expressly provided for under this License.

Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the

Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights

under this License. However, parties who have received copies,

or rights, from you under this License will not have their li

censes terminated so long as such parties remain in full compli

ance.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised

versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.

Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present ver

sion, but may differ in detail to address new problems or con

cerns. See <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing

version number. If the Document specifies that a particular num

bered version of this License "or any later version" applies to

it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions ei

ther of that specified version or of any later version that has

been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

If the Document does not specify a version number of this Li

cense, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft)

by the Free Software Foundation.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, in

clude a copy of the License in the document and put the following

copyright and license notices just after the title page:

Copyright (C) <year> <your name>.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or

modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation

License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Soft

ware Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover

Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the

section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and

Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

with the Invariant Sections being <list their

titles>, with
the Front-Cover Texts being <list>, and with

the Back-Cover Texts
being <list>.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or

some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives

to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program

code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under

your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General

Public License, to permit their use in free software.

SEE ALSO

gpl(7), fsf-funding(7).

COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation,

Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,

USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim

copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

gcc-4.1.1 2006-05-24

GFDL(7)