APTITUDE(8)

NAME

aptitude - high-level interface to the package manager

SYNOPSIS

aptitude [<options>...] {autoclean | clean | forget-new | keep-all |
         update}

aptitude [<options>...] {full-upgrade | safe-upgrade} [<packages>...]

aptitude [<options>...] {build-dep | build-depends | changelog |
         download | forbid-version | hold | install | markauto | purge
         | reinstall | remove | show | unhold | unmarkauto | versions}
         <packages>...

aptitude extract-cache-subset <output-directory> <packages>...

aptitude [<options>...] search <patterns>...

aptitude [<options>...] {add-user-tag | remove-user-tag} <tag>
         <packages>...

aptitude [<options>...] {why | why-not} [<patterns>...] <package>

aptitude [-S <fname>] [--autoclean-on-startup | --clean-on-startup | -i
         | -u]

aptitude help

DESCRIPTION

aptitude is a text-based interface to the Debian GNU/Linux package system.

It allows the user to view the list of packages and to perform package management tasks such as installing, upgrading, and removing packages. Actions may be performed from a visual interface or from the
command-line.

COMMAND-LINE ACTIONS

The first argument which does not begin with a hyphen ("-") is
considered to be an action that the program should perform. If an
action is not specified on the command-line, aptitude will start up in visual mode.

The following actions are available:

install: Install one or more packages. The packages should be listed after
the "install" command; if a package name contains a tilde character ("~") or a question mark ("?"), it will be treated as a search pattern and every package matching the pattern will be installed
(see the section "Search Patterns" in the aptitude reference manual).; To select a particular version of the package, append "=<version>" to the package name: for instance, "aptitude install apt=0.3.1". Similarly, to select a package from a particular archive, append
"/<archive>" to the package name: for instance, "aptitude install apt/experimental".; Not every package listed on the command line has to be installed;
you can tell aptitude to do something different with a package by appending an "override specifier" to the name of the package. For
example, aptitude remove wesnoth+ will install wesnoth, not remove it. The following override specifiers are available:; <package>+
Install <package>.; <package>+M
Install <package> and immediately mark it as automatically installed (note that if nothing depends on <package>, this will cause it to be immediately removed).; <package>
Remove <package>.; <package>_
Purge <package>: remove it and all its associated configuration and data files.; <package>=
Place <package> on hold: cancel any active installation, upgrade, or removal, and prevent this package from being
automatically upgraded in the future.; <package>:
Keep <package> at its current version: cancel any installation, removal, or upgrade. Unlike "hold" (above) this does not
prevent automatic upgrades in the future.; <package>&M
Mark <package> as having been automatically installed.; <package>&m
Mark <package> as having been manually installed.; As a special case, "install" with no arguments will act on any stored/pending actions.

Note
Once you enter Y at the final confirmation prompt, the
"install" command will modify aptitude's stored information about what actions to perform. Therefore, if you issue (e.g.)
the command "aptitude install foo bar" and then abort the installation once aptitude has started downloading and installing packages, you will need to run "aptitude remove foo bar" to cancel that order.
remove, purge, hold, unhold, keep, reinstall: These commands are the same as "install", but apply the named action to all packages given on the command line for which it is
not overridden. The difference between hold and keep is that hold will cause a package to be ignored by future safe-upgrade or full-upgrade commands, while keep merely cancels any scheduled actions on the package. unhold will allow a package to be upgraded by future safe-upgrade or full-upgrade commands, without otherwise altering its state.; For instance, "aptitude remove '~ndeity'" will remove all packages whose name contains "deity".
markauto, unmarkauto: Mark packages as automatically installed or manually installed,
respectively. Packages are specified in exactly the same way as for the "install" command. For instance, "aptitude markauto '~slibs'" will mark all packages in the "libs" section as having been automatically installed.; For more information on automatically installed packages, see the
section "Managing Automatically Installed Packages" in the aptitude reference manual.
build-depends, build-dep: Satisfy the build-dependencies of a package. Each package name may be a source package, in which case the build dependencies of that
source package are installed; otherwise, binary packages are found in the same way as for the "install" command, and the build-dependencies of the source packages that build those binary
packages are satisfied.; If the command-line parameter --arch-only is present, only architecture-dependent build dependencies (i.e., not
Build-Depends-Indep or Build-Conflicts-Indep) will be obeyed.
forbid-version: Forbid a package from being upgraded to a particular version. This will prevent aptitude from automatically upgrading to this version, but will allow automatic upgrades to future versions. By default,
aptitude will select the version to which the package would
normally be upgraded; you may override this selection by appending "=<version>" to the package name: for instance, "aptitude forbid-version vim=1.2.3.broken-4".; This command is useful for avoiding broken versions of packages
without having to set and clear manual holds. If you decide you
really want the forbidden version after all, the "install" command will remove the ban.
update: Updates the list of available packages from the apt sources (this
is equivalent to "apt-get update")
safe-upgrade: Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version. Installed packages will not be removed unless they are unused (see the
section "Managing Automatically Installed Packages" in the aptitude reference manual). Packages which are not currently installed may
be installed to resolve dependencies unless the --no-new-installs command-line option is supplied.; If no <package>s are listed on the command line, aptitude will attempt to upgrade every package that can be upgraded. Otherwise,
aptitude will attempt to upgrade only the packages which it is instructed to upgrade. The <package>s can be extended with suffixes in the same manner as arguments to aptitude install, so you can also give additional instructions to aptitude here; for instance, aptitude safe-upgrade bash dash- will attempt to upgrade the bash package and remove the dash package.; It is sometimes necessary to remove one package in order to upgrade another; this command is not able to upgrade packages in such
situations. Use the full-upgrade command to upgrade as many packages as possible.
full-upgrade: Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version, removing or installing packages as necessary. This command is less
conservative than safe-upgrade and thus more likely to perform unwanted actions. However, it is capable of upgrading packages that safe-upgrade cannot upgrade.; If no <package>s are listed on the command line, aptitude will attempt to upgrade every package that can be upgraded. Otherwise,
aptitude will attempt to upgrade only the packages which it is instructed to upgrade. The <package>s can be extended with suffixes in the same manner as arguments to aptitude install, so you can also give additional instructions to aptitude here; for instance, aptitude full-upgrade bash dash- will attempt to upgrade the bash package and remove the dash package.

Note
This command was originally named dist-upgrade for historical reasons, and aptitude still recognizes dist-upgrade as a synonym for full-upgrade.
keep-all: Cancels all scheduled actions on all packages; any packages whose
sticky state indicates an installation, removal, or upgrade will
have this sticky state cleared.
forget-new: Forgets all internal information about what packages are "new"
(equivalent to pressing "f" when in visual mode).
search: Searches for packages matching one of the patterns supplied on the command line. All packages which match any of the given patterns
will be displayed; for instance, "aptitude search '~N' edit" will list all "new" packages and all packages whose name contains
"edit". For more information on search patterns, see the section
"Search Patterns" in the aptitude reference manual.

Note
In the example above, "aptitude search '~N' edit" has two arguments after search and thus is searching for two patterns: "~N" and "edit". As described in the search pattern reference, a single pattern composed of two sub-patterns separated by a space (such as "~N edit") matches only if both patterns match. Thus, the command "aptitude search '~N edit'" will only show "new" packages whose name contains "edit".; Unless you pass the -F option, the output of aptitude search will look something like this:

i apt - Advanced front-end for dpkg pi apt-build - frontend to apt to build, optimize and in cp apt-file - APT package searching utility -- commandihA raptor-utils - Raptor RDF Parser utilities; Each search result is listed on a separate line. The first
character of each line indicates the current state of the package: the most common states are p, meaning that no trace of the package exists on the system, c, meaning that the package was deleted but its configuration files remain on the system, i, meaning that the package is installed, and v, meaning that the package is virtual. The second character indicates the stored action (if any; otherwise a blank space is displayed) to be performed on the package, with
the most common actions being i, meaning that the package will be installed, d, meaning that the package will be deleted, and p, meaning that the package and its configuration files will be
removed. If the third character is A, the package was automatically installed.; For a complete list of the possible state and action flags, see the section "Accessing Package Information" in the aptitude reference guide. To customize the output of search, see the command-line options -F and --sort.
show: Displays detailed information about one or more packages, listed
following the search command. If a package name contains a tilde
character ("~") or a question mark ("?"), it will be treated as a search pattern and all matching packages will be displayed (see the section "Search Patterns" in the aptitude reference manual).; If the verbosity level is 1 or greater (i.e., at least one -v is present on the command-line), information about all versions of the package is displayed. Otherwise, information about the "candidate
version" (the version that "aptitude install" would download) is displayed.; You can display information about a different version of the
package by appending =<version> to the package name; you can display the version from a particular archive or release by
appending /<archive> or /<release> to the package name: for instance, /unstable or /sid. If either of these is present, then only the version you request will be displayed, regardless of the
verbosity level.; If the verbosity level is 1 or greater, the package's architecture, compressed size, filename, and md5sum fields will be displayed. If the verbosity level is 2 or greater, the select version or versions will be displayed once for each archive in which they are found.
versions: Displays the versions of the packages listed on the command-line.

$ aptitude versions wesnoth
p 1:1.4.5-1 100 p 1:1.6.5-1 unstable 500 p 1:1.7.14-1 experimental 1; Each version is listed on a separate line. The leftmost three
characters indicate the current state, planned state (if any), and whether the package was automatically installed; for more
information on their meanings, see the documentation of aptitude search. To the right of the version number you can find the releases from which the version is available, and the pin priority of the version.; If a package name contains a tilde character ("~") or a question mark ("?"), it will be treated as a search pattern and all matching versions will be displayed (see the section "Search Patterns" in the aptitude reference manual). This means that, for instance, aptitude versions '~i' will display all the versions that are currently installed on the system and nothing else, not even other versions of the same packages.

$ aptitude versions '~nexim4-daemon-light'
Package exim4-daemon-light:
i 4.71-3 100 p 4.71-4 unstable 500

Package exim4-daemon-light-dbg:
p 4.71-4 unstable 500; If the input is a search pattern, or if more than one package's
versions are to be displayed, aptitude will automatically group the output by package, as shown above. You can disable this via
--group-by=none, in which case aptitude will display a single list of all the versions that were found and automatically include the
package name in each output line:

$ aptitude versions --group-by=none '~nexim4-daemon-light'
i exim4-daemon-light 4.71-3 100 p exim4-daemon-light 4.71-4 unstable 500 p exim4-daemon-light-dbg 4.71-4 unstable 500; To disable the package name, pass --show-package-names=never:

$ aptitude versions --show-package-names=never --group-by=none '~nexim4-daemon-light' i 4.71-3 100 p 4.71-4 unstable 500 p 4.71-4 unstable 500; In addition to the above options, the information printed for each version can be controlled by the command-line option -F. The order in which versions are displayed can be controlled by the
command-line option --sort. To prevent aptitude from formatting the output into columns, use --disable-columns.
add-user-tag, remove-user-tag: Adds a user tag to or removes a user tag from the selected group of packages. If a package name contains a tilde ("~") or question mark ("?"), it is treated as a search pattern and the tag is added to or removed from all the packages that match the pattern (see the
section "Search Patterns" in the aptitude reference manual).; User tags are arbitrary strings associated with a package. They can be used with the ?user-tag(<tag>) search term, which will select all the packages that have a user tag matching <tag>.
why, why-not: Explains the reason that a particular package should or cannot be
installed on the system.; This command searches for packages that require or conflict with
the given package. It displays a sequence of dependencies leading
to the target package, along with a note indicating the installed
state of each package in the dependency chain:

$ aptitude why kdepim
i nautilus-data Recommends nautilus
i A nautilus Recommends desktop-base (>= 0.2)
i A desktop-base Suggests gnome | kde | xfce4 | wmaker
p kde Depends kdepim (>= 4:3.4.3); The command why finds a dependency chain that installs the package named on the command line, as above. Note that the dependency that aptitude produced in this case is only a suggestion. This is
because no package currently installed on this computer depends on or recommends the kdepim package; if a stronger dependency were
available, aptitude would have displayed it.; In contrast, why-not finds a dependency chain leading to a conflict with the target package:

$ aptitude why-not textopo
i ocaml-core Depends ocamlweb
i A ocamlweb Depends tetex-extra | texlive-latex-extra i A texlive-latex-extra Conflicts textopo; If one or more <pattern>s are present, then aptitude will begin its search at these patterns; that is, the first package in the chain
it prints will be a package matching the pattern in question. The
patterns are considered to be package names unless they contain a
tilde character ("~") or a question mark ("?"), in which case they are treated as search patterns (see the section "Search Patterns"
in the aptitude reference manual).; If no patterns are present, then aptitude will search for dependency chains beginning at manually installed packages. This
effectively shows the packages that have caused or would cause a
given package to be installed.

Note
aptitude why does not perform full dependency resolution; it only displays direct relationships between packages. For
instance, if A requires B, C requires D, and B and C conflict, "aptitude why-not D" will not produce the answer "A depends on B, B conflicts with C, and D depends on C".; By default aptitude outputs only the "most installed, strongest,
tightest, shortest" dependency chain. That is, it looks for a chain that only contains packages which are installed or will be
installed; it looks for the strongest possible dependencies under
that restriction; it looks for chains that avoid ORed dependencies and Provides; and it looks for the shortest dependency chain
meeting those criteria. These rules are progressively weakened
until a match is found.; If the verbosity level is 1 or more, then all the explanations aptitude can find will be displayed, in inverse order of relevance. If the verbosity level is 2 or more, a truly excessive amount of
debugging information will be printed to standard output.; This command returns 0 if successful, 1 if no explanation could be constructed, and -1 if an error occured.
clean: Removes all previously downloaded .deb files from the package cache directory (usually /var/cache/apt/archives).
autoclean: Removes any cached packages which can no longer be downloaded. This allows you to prevent a cache from growing out of control over time without completely emptying it.
changelog: Downloads and displays the Debian changelog for each of the given
source or binary packages.; By default, the changelog for the version which would be installed with "aptitude install" is downloaded. You can select a particular version of a package by appending =<version> to the package name;
you can select the version from a particular archive or release by appending /<archive> or /<release> to the package name (for instance, /unstable or /sid).
download: Downloads the .deb file for the given package to the current directory. If a package name contains a tilde character ("~") or a question mark ("?"), it will be treated as a search pattern and all the matching packages will be downloaded (see the section "Search
Patterns" in the aptitude reference manual).; By default, the version which would be installed with "aptitude install" is downloaded. You can select a particular version of a package by appending =<version> to the package name; you can select the version from a particular archive or release by appending
/<archive> or /<release> to the package name (for instance: /unstable or /sid).
extract-cache-subset: Copy the apt configuration directory (/etc/apt) and a subset of the package database to the specified directory. If no packages are
listed, the entire package database is copied; otherwise only the
entries corresponding to the named packages are copied. Each
package name may be a search pattern, and all the packages matching that pattern will be selected (see the section "Search Patterns" in the aptitude reference manual). Any existing package database files in the output directory will be overwritten.; Dependencies in binary package stanzas will be rewritten to remove references to packages not in the selected set.
help: Displays a brief summary of the available commands and options.

OPTIONS

The following options may be used to modify the behavior of the actions described above. Note that while all options will be accepted for all
commands, some options don't apply to particular commands and will be
ignored by those commands.

--add-user-tag <tag>: For full-upgrade, safe-upgrade, forbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: add the user tag <tag> to all packages that are installed, removed, or upgraded by this command as if with the
add-user-tag command.
--add-user-tag-to <tag>,<pattern>: For full-upgrade, safe-upgrade forbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: add the user tag <tag> to all packages that match <pattern> as if with the add-user-tag command. The pattern is a search pattern as described in the section "Search Patterns" in the aptitude reference manual.; For instance, aptitude safe-upgrade --add-user-tag-to "new-installs,?action(install)" will add the tag new-installs to all the packages installed by the safe-upgrade command.
--allow-new-upgrades: When the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), allow the dependency resolver to install upgrades for packages regardless of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Upgrades.
--allow-new-installs: Allow the safe-upgrade command to install new packages; when the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), allow the dependency resolver to install new packages. This option takes
effect regardless of the value of
Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Installs.
--allow-untrusted: Install packages from untrusted sources without prompting. You
should only use this if you know what you are doing, as it could
easily compromise your system's security.
--disable-columns: This option causes aptitude search and aptitude version to output their results without any special formatting. In particular:
normally aptitude will add whitespace or truncate search results in an attempt to fit its results into vertical "columns". With this
flag, each line will be formed by replacing any format escapes in
the format string with the correponding text; column widths will be ignored.; For instance, the first few lines of output from "aptitude search -F '%p %V' --disable-columns libedataserver" might be:

disksearch 1.2.1-3
hp-search-mac 0.1.3
libbsearch-ruby 1.5-5
libbsearch-ruby1.8 1.5-5
libclass-dbi-abstractsearch-perl 0.07-2
libdbix-fulltextsearch-perl 0.73-10; As in the above example, --disable-columns is often useful in combination with a custom display format set using the command-line option -F.; This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Disable-Columns.
-D, --show-deps: For commands that will install or remove packages (install, full-upgrade, etc), show brief explanations of automatic installations and removals.; This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Deps.
-d, --download-only: Download packages to the package cache as necessary, but do not
install or remove anything. By default, the package cache is stored in /var/cache/apt/archives.; This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Download-Only.
-F <format>, --display-format <format>: Specify the format which should be used to display output from the search and version commands. For instance, passing "%p %V %v" for <format> will display a package's name, followed by its currently installed version and its available version (see the section
"Customizing how packages are displayed" in the aptitude reference manual for more information).; The command-line option --disable-columns is often useful in combination with -F.; For search, this corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Format; for versions, this corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Version-Display-Format.
-f: Try hard to fix the dependencies of broken packages, even if it
means ignoring the actions requested on the command line.; This corresponds to the configuration item
Aptitude::CmdLine::Fix-Broken.
--full-resolver: When package dependency problems are encountered, use the default
"full" resolver to solve them. Unlike the "safe" resolver activated by --safe-resolver, the full resolver will happily remove packages to fulfill dependencies. It can resolve more situations than the
safe algorithm, but its solutions are more likely to be
undesirable.; This option can be used to force the use of the full resolver even when Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is true. The safe-upgrade command never uses the full resolver and does not accept the
--full-resolver option.
--group-by <grouping-mode>: Control how the versions command groups its output. The following values are recognized:; o archive to group packages by the archive they occur in
("stable", "unstable", etc). If a package occurs in several archives, it will be displayed in each of them.; o auto to group versions by their package unless there is
exactly one argument and it is not a search pattern.; o none to display all the versions in a single list without any
grouping.; o package to group versions by their package.; o source-package to group versions by their source package.; o source-version to group versions by their source package and
source version.; This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Versions-Group-By.
-h, --help: Display a brief help message. Identical to the help action.
--log-file=<file>: If <file> is a nonempty string, log messages will be written to it, except that if <file> is "-", the messages will be written to standard output instead. If this option appears multiple times, the last occurrence is the one that will take effect.; This does not affect the log of installations that aptitude has
performed (/var/log/aptitude); the log messages written using this configuration include internal program events, errors, and
debugging messages. See the command-line option --log-level to get more control over what gets logged.; This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::Logging::File.
--log-level=<level>, --log-level=<category>:<level>: --log-level=<level> causes aptitude to only log messages whose level is <level> or higher. For instance, setting the log level to error will cause only messages at the log levels error and fatal to be displayed; all others will be hidden. Valid log levels (in
descending order) are off, fatal, error, warn, info, debug, and trace. The default log level is warn.; --log-level=<category>:<level> causes messages in <category> to only be logged if their level is <level> or higher.; --log-level may appear multiple times on the command line; the most specific setting is the one that takes effect, so if you pass
--log-level=aptitude.resolver:fatal and --log-level=aptitude.resolver.hints.match:trace, then messages in aptitude.resolver.hints.parse will only be printed if their level is fatal, but all messages in aptitude.resolver.hints.match will be printed. If you set the level of the same category two or more
times, the last setting is the one that will take effect.; This does not affect the log of installations that aptitude has
performed (/var/log/aptitude); the log messages written using this configuration include internal program events, errors, and
debugging messages. See the command-line option --log-file to change where log messages go.; This corresponds to the configuration group
Aptitude::Logging::Levels.
--log-resolver: Set some standard log levels related to the resolver, to produce
logging output suitable for processing with automated tools. This
is equivalent to the command-line options
--log-level=aptitude.resolver.search:trace --log-level=aptitude.resolver.search.tiers:info.
--no-new-installs: Prevent safe-upgrade from installing any new packages; when the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), forbid the dependency resolver from installing new packages. This option takes effect regardless of the value of
Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Installs.; This mimics the historical behavior of apt-get upgrade.; This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Safe-Upgrade::No-New-Installs.
--no-new-upgrades: When the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), allow the dependency resolver to install new packages regardless of the
value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Installs.
--no-show-resolver-actions: Do not display the actions performed by the "safe" resolver,
overriding any configuration option or earlier
--show-resolver-actions.
-O <order>, --sort <order>: Specify the order in which output from the search and versions commands should be displayed. For instance, passing "installsize" for <order> will list packages in order according to their size when installed (see the section "Customizing how packages are
sorted" in the aptitude reference manual for more information).; The default sort order is name,version.
-o <key>=<value>: Set a configuration file option directly; for instance, use -o Aptitude::Log=/tmp/my-log to log aptitude's actions to /tmp/my-log. For more information on configuration file options, see the section "Configuration file reference" in the aptitude reference manual.
-P, --prompt: Always display a prompt before downloading, installing or removing packages, even when no actions other than those explicitly
requested will be performed.; This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Always-Prompt.
--purge-unused: If Aptitude::Delete-Unused is set to "true" (its default), then in addition to removing each package that is no longer required by any installed package, aptitude will also purge them, removing their configuration files and perhaps other important data. For more
information about which packages are considered to be "unused", see the section "Managing Automatically Installed Packages" in the
aptitude reference manual. THIS OPTION CAN CAUSE DATA LOSS! DO NOT USE IT UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING!; This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::Purge-Unused.
-q[=<n>], --quiet[=<n>]: Suppress all incremental progress indicators, thus making the
output loggable. This may be supplied multiple times to make the
program quieter, but unlike apt-get, aptitude does not enable -y when -q is supplied more than once.; The optional =<n> may be used to directly set the amount of
quietness (for instance, to override a setting in
/etc/apt/apt.conf); it causes the program to behave as if -q had been passed exactly <n> times.
-R, --without-recommends: Do not treat recommendations as dependencies when installing new packages (this overrides settings in /etc/apt/apt.conf and
~/.aptitude/config). Packages previously installed due to
recommendations will not be removed.; This corresponds to the pair of configuration options
Apt::Install-Recommends and Apt::AutoRemove::InstallRecommends.
-r, --with-recommends: Treat recommendations as dependencies when installing new packages (this overrides settings in /etc/apt/apt.conf and
~/.aptitude/config).; This corresponds to the configuration option
Apt::Install-Recommends
--remove-user-tag <tag>: For full-upgrade, safe-upgrade forbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: remove the user tag <tag> from all packages that are installed, removed, or upgraded by this command as if with the add-user-tag command.
--remove-user-tag-from <tag>,<pattern>: For full-upgrade, safe-upgrade forbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: remove the user tag <tag> from all packages that match <pattern> as if with the remove-user-tag command. The pattern is a search pattern as described in the section "Search Patterns"
in the aptitude reference manual.; For instance, aptitude safe-upgrade --remove-user-tag-from "not-upgraded,?action(upgrade)" will remove the not-upgraded tag from all packages that the safe-upgrade command is able to upgrade.
-s, --simulate: In command-line mode, print the actions that would normally be
performed, but don't actually perform them. This does not require
root privileges. In the visual interface, always open the cache in read-only mode regardless of whether you are root.; This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Simulate.
--safe-resolver: When package dependency problems are encountered, use a "safe"
algorithm to solve them. This resolver attempts to preserve as many of your choices as possible; it will never remove a package or
install a version of a package other than the package's default
candidate version. It is the same algorithm used in safe-upgrade;
indeed, aptitude --safe-resolver full-upgrade is equivalent to aptitude safe-upgrade. Because safe-upgrade always uses the safe resolver, it does not accept the --safe-resolver flag.; This option is equivalent to setting the configuration variable
Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver to true.
--schedule-only: For commands that modify package states, schedule operations to be performed in the future, but don't perform them. You can execute
scheduled actions by running aptitude install with no arguments. This is equivalent to making the corresponding selections in visual mode, then exiting the program normally.; For instance, aptitude --schedule-only install evolution will schedule the evolution package for later installation.
--show-package-names <when>: Controls when the versions command shows package names. The following settings are allowed:; o always: display package names every time that aptitude
versions runs.; o auto: display package names when aptitude versions runs if the
output is not grouped by package, and either there is a
pattern-matching argument or there is more than one argument.; o never: never display package names in the output of aptitude
versions.; This option corresponds to the configuration item
Aptitude::CmdLine::Versions-Show-Package-Names.
--show-resolver-actions: Display the actions performed by the "safe" resolver.
--show-summary[=<MODE>]: Changes the behavior of "aptitude why" to summarize each dependency chain that it outputs, rather than displaying it in long form. If
this option is present and <MODE> is not "no-summary", chains that contain Suggests dependencies will not be displayed: combine
--show-summary with -v to see a summary of all the reasons for the target package to be installed.; <MODE> can be any one of the following:

1. no-summary: don't show a summary (the default behavior if --show-summary is not present).

2. first-package: display the first package in each chain. This is the default value of <MODE> if it is not present.

3. first-package-and-type: display the first package in each chain, along with the strength of the weakest dependency in the chain.

4. all-packages: briefly display each chain of dependencies leading to the target package.

5. all-packages-with-dep-versions: briefly display each chain of dependencies leading to the target package, including the
target version of each dependency.; This option corresponds to the configuration item
Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Summary; if --show-summary is present on the command-line, it will override Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Summary.; Example 10. Usage of --show-summary; --show-summary used with -v to display all the reasons a package is installed:

$ aptitude -v --show-summary why foomatic-db
Packages requiring foomatic-db:
cupsys-driver-gutenprint
foomatic-db-engine
foomatic-db-gutenprint
foomatic-db-hpijs
foomatic-filters-ppds
foomatic-gui
kde
printconf
wine; $ aptitude -v --show-summary=first-package-and-type why foomatic-db Packages requiring foomatic-db:
[Depends] cupsys-driver-gutenprint
[Depends] foomatic-db-engine
[Depends] foomatic-db-gutenprint
[Depends] foomatic-db-hpijs
[Depends] foomatic-filters-ppds
[Depends] foomatic-gui
[Depends] kde
[Depends] printconf
[Depends] wine
$ aptitude -v --show-summary=all-packages why foomatic-db Packages requiring foomatic-db: cupsys-driver-gutenprint D: cups-driver-gutenprint D: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db foomatic-filters-ppds D: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db kde D: kdeadmin R: system-config-printer-kde D: system-config-printer R: hal-cups-utils D: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db wine D: libwine-print D: cups-bsd R: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db foomatic-db-gutenprint D: foomatic-db foomatic-db-hpijs D: foomatic-db foomatic-gui D: python-foomatic D: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db printconf D: foomatic-db
$ aptitude -v --show-summary=all-packages-with-dep-versions why foomatic-db Packages requiring foomatic-db: cupsys-driver-gutenprint D: cups-driver-gutenprint (>= 5.0.2-4) D: cups (>= 1.3.0) R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301) foomatic-filters-ppds D: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301) kde D: kdeadmin (>= 4:3.5.5) R: system-config-printer-kde (>= 4:4.2.2-1) D: system-config-printer (>= 1.0.0) R: hal-cups-utils D: cups R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301) wine D: libwine-print (= 1.1.15-1) D: cups-bsd R: cups R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301) foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db foomatic-db-gutenprint D: foomatic-db foomatic-db-hpijs D: foomatic-db foomatic-gui D: python-foomatic (>= 0.7.9.2) D: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301) printconf D: foomatic-db
--show-summary used to list a chain on one line:: $ aptitude --show-summary=all-packages why aptitude-gtk libglib2.0-data Packages requiring libglib2.0-data:
aptitude-gtk D: libglib2.0-0 R: libglib2.0-data
-t <release>, --target-release <release> Set the release from which packages should be installed. For
instance, "aptitude -t experimental ..." will install packages from the experimental distribution unless you specify otherwise.
For the command-line actions "changelog", "download", and "show",
this is equivalent to appending /<release> to each package named on the command-line; for other commands, this will affect the default candidate version of packages according to the rules described in
apt_preferences(5).
This corresponds to the configuration item APT::Default-Release.
-V, --show-versions
Show which versions of packages will be installed.
This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Versions.
-v, --verbose
Causes some commands (for instance, show) to display extra information. This may be supplied multiple times to get more and
more information.
This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose.
--version
Display the version of aptitude and some information about how it was compiled.
When executing the command safe-upgrade or when the option --safe-resolver is present, aptitude will display a summary of the actions performed by the resolver before printing the installation preview. This is equivalent to the configuration options
Aptitude::CmdLine::Safe-Upgrade::Show-Resolver-Actions and Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::Show-Resolver-Actions.
--visual-preview
When installing or removing packages from the command line, instead of displaying the usual prompt, start up the visual interface and
display its preview screen.
-W, --show-why
In the preview displayed before packages are installed or removed, show which manually installed package requires each automatically
installed package. For instance:: $ aptitude --show-why install mediawiki
...
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libapache2-mod-php5{a} (for mediawiki) mediawiki php5{a} (for mediawiki) php5-cli{a} (for mediawiki) php5-common{a} (for mediawiki)
php5-mysql{a} (for mediawiki)
When combined with -v or a non-zero value for
Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose, this displays the entire chain of dependencies that lead each package to be installed. For instance:: $ aptitude -v --show-why install libdb4.2-dev
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libdb4.2{a} (libdb4.2-dev D: libdb4.2) libdb4.2-dev
The following packages will be REMOVED: libdb4.4-dev{a} (libdb4.2-dev C: libdb-dev P<- libdb-dev)
This option will also describe why packages are being removed, as shown above. In this example, libdb4.2-dev conflicts with libdb-dev, which is provided by libdb-dev.
This argument corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Why and displays the same information that is computed by aptitude why and aptitude why-not.
-w <width>, --width <width>
Specify the display width which should be used for output from the search command (by default, the terminal width is used).
This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Width
-y, --assume-yes
When a yes/no prompt would be presented, assume that the user
entered "yes". In particular, suppresses the prompt that appears
when installing, upgrading, or removing packages. Prompts for
"dangerous" actions, such as removing essential packages, will
still be displayed. This option overrides -P.
This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Assume-Yes.
-Z Show how much disk space will be used or freed by the individual packages being installed, upgraded, or removed.
This corresponds to the configuration option
Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Size-Changes.
The following options apply to the visual mode of the program, but are primarily for internal use; you generally won't need to use them yourself.
--autoclean-on-startup
Deletes old downloaded files when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program and immediately selecting Actions -> Clean
obsolete files). You cannot use this option and
"--autoclean-on-startup", "-i", or "-u" at the same time.
--clean-on-startup
Cleans the package cache when the program starts (equivalent to
starting the program and immediately selecting Actions -> Clean
package cache). You cannot use this option and
"--autoclean-on-startup", "-i", or "-u" at the same time.
-i
Displays a download preview when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program and immediately pressing "g"). You cannot use this option and "--autoclean-on-startup", "--clean-on-startup", or "-u" at the same time.
-S <fname> Loads the extended state information from <fname> instead of the standard state file.
-u
Begins updating the package lists as soon as the program starts.
You cannot use this option and "--autoclean-on-startup", "--clean-on-startup", or "-i" at the same time.

ENVIRONMENT

HOME: If $HOME/.aptitude exists, aptitude will store its configuration
file in $HOME/.aptitude/config. Otherwise, it will look up the
current user's home directory using getpwuid(2) and place its configuration file there.
PAGER
If this environment variable is set, aptitude will use it to display changelogs when "aptitude changelog" is invoked. If not set, it defaults to more.
TMP
If TMPDIR is unset, aptitude will store its temporary files in TMP if that variable is set. Otherwise, it will store them in /tmp.
TMPDIR: aptitude will store its temporary files in the directory indicated by this environment variable. If TMPDIR is not set, then TMP will be used; if TMP is also unset, then aptitude will use /tmp.

FILES

/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates: The file in which stored package states and some package flags are stored.
/etc/apt/apt.conf, /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/*, ~/.aptitude/config
The configuration files for aptitude. ~/.aptitude/config overrides /etc/apt/apt.conf. See apt.conf(5) for documentation of the format and contents of these files.

AUTHOR

Daniel Burrows <dburrows@debian.org>: Author.

COPYRIGHT

This manual page is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.

This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

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comprehensive documentation repository

See also