VPNC(8)

NAME

vpnc - client for Cisco VPN3000 Concentrator, IOS and PIX

SYNOPSIS

vpnc  [--version]  [--print-config]  [--help]  [--long-help]  [options]
[config files]

DESCRIPTION

This manual page documents briefly the vpnc and vpnc-disconnect commands.

vpnc is a VPN client for the Cisco 3000 VPN Concentrator, creating a IPSec-like connection as a tunneling network device for the local system. It uses the TUN/TAP driver in Linux kernel 2.4 and above and device tun(4) on BSD. The created connection is presented as a tunneling network device to the local system.

OBLIGATORY WARNING: the most used configuration (XAUTH authentication with pre-shared keys and password authentication) is insecure by design, be aware of this fact when you use vpnc to exchange sensitive data like passwords!

The vpnc daemon by itself does not set any routes, but it calls vpnc-script to do this job. vpnc-script displays a connect banner. If the concentrator supplies a network list for split-tunneling these networks are added to the routing table. Otherwise the default-route will be modified to point to the tunnel. Further a host route to the concentrator is added in the later case. If the client host needs DHCP, care must be taken to add another host route to the DHCP-Server around the tunnel.

The vpnc-disconnect command is used to terminate the connection previously created by vpnc and restore the previous routing configuration.

CONFIGURATION

The daemon reads configuration data from the following places:
o command line options
o config file(s) specified on the command line
o /etc/vpnc/default.conf
o /etc/vpnc.conf
o prompting the user if not found above

vpnc can parse options and configuration files in any order. However the first place to set an option wins. configuration filenames which do not contain a / will be searched at /etc/vpnc/<filename> and /etc/vpnc/<filename>.conf. Otherwise <filename> and <filename>.conf will be used. If no configuration file is specified on the commandline at all, both /etc/vpnc/default.conf and /etc/vpnc.conf will be loaded.

OPTIONS

The program options can be either given as arguments (but not all of them for security reasons) or be stored in a configuration file.

--gateway <ip/hostname>: IP/name of your IPSec gateway
conf-variable: IPSec gateway <ip/hostname>
--id <ASCII string>: your group name
conf-variable: IPSec ID <ASCII string>
(configfile only option): your group password (cleartext)
conf-variable: IPSec secret <ASCII string>
(configfile only option): your group password (obfuscated)
conf-variable: IPSec obfuscated secret <hex string>
--username <ASCII string>: your username
conf-variable: Xauth username <ASCII string>
(configfile only option): your password (cleartext)
conf-variable: Xauth password <ASCII string>
(configfile only option): your password (obfuscated)
conf-variable: Xauth obfuscated password <hex string>
--domain <ASCII string>: (NT-) Domain name for authentication
conf-variable: Domain <ASCII string>
--xauth-inter: enable interactive extended authentication (for challenge response auth)
conf-variable: Xauth interactive
--vendor <cisco/netscreen>: vendor of your IPSec gateway
Default: cisco
conf-variable: Vendor <cisco/netscreen>
--natt-mode <natt/none/force-natt/cisco-udp>: Which NAT-Traversal Method to use:
o natt -- NAT-T as defined in RFC3947
o none -- disable use of any NAT-T method
o force-natt -- always use NAT-T encapsulation even without
presence of a NAT device (useful if the OS captures all ESP traffic); o cisco-udp -- Cisco proprietary UDP encapsulation, com
monly over Port 10000; Note: cisco-tcp encapsulation is not yet supported
Default: natt
conf-variable: NAT Traversal Mode <natt/none/force-natt/cisco-udp>
--script <command>: command is executed using system() to configure the interface, routing and so on. Device name, IP, etc. are passed using enviroment variables, see README. This script is executed right after ISAKMP is done, but before tunneling is enabled. It is called when vpnc terminates, too
Default: /etc/vpnc/vpnc-script
conf-variable: Script <command>
--dh <dh1/dh2/dh5>: name of the IKE DH Group
Default: dh2
conf-variable: IKE DH Group <dh1/dh2/dh5>
--pfs <nopfs/dh1/dh2/dh5/server>: Diffie-Hellman group to use for PFS
Default: server
conf-variable: Perfect Forward Secrecy <nopfs/dh1/dh2/dh5/server>
--enable-1des: enables weak single DES encryption
conf-variable: Enable Single DES
--enable-no-encryption: enables using no encryption for data traffic (key exchanged must be encrypted)
conf-variable: Enable no encryption
--application-version <ASCII string>: Application Version to report. Note: Default string is generated at runtime.
Default: Cisco Systems VPN Client 0.5.3:Linux
conf-variable: Application version <ASCII string>
--ifname <ASCII string>: visible name of the TUN/TAP interface
conf-variable: Interface name <ASCII string>
--ifmode <tun/tap>: mode of TUN/TAP interface:
o tun: virtual point to point interface (default)
o tap: virtual ethernet interface
Default: tun
conf-variable: Interface mode <tun/tap>
--debug <0/1/2/3/99>: Show verbose debug messages
o
0: Do not print debug information.; o
1: Print minimal debug information.; o
2: Show statemachine and packet/payload type informa; tion.
o: 3: Dump everything exluding authentication data.
o 99: Dump everything INCLUDING AUTHENTICATION data (e.g.: PASSWORDS).
conf-variable: Debug <0/1/2/3/99>
--no-detach: Don't detach from the console after login
conf-variable: No Detach
--pid-file <filename>: store the pid of background process in <filename>
Default: /var/run/vpnc/pid
conf-variable: Pidfile <filename>
--local-addr <ip/hostname>: local IP to use for ISAKMP / ESP / ... (0.0.0.0 == automatically assign)
Default: 0.0.0.0
conf-variable: Local Addr <ip/hostname>
--local-port <0-65535>: local ISAKMP port number to use (0 == use random port)
Default: 500
conf-variable: Local Port <0-65535>
--udp-port <0-65535>: Local UDP port number to use (0 == use random port). This is only relevant if cisco-udp nat-traversal is used. This is the _local_ port, the remote udp port is discovered automatically. It is especially not the cisco-tcp port.
Default: 10000
conf-variable: Cisco UDP Encapsulation Port <0-65535>
--dpd-idle <0,10-86400>: Send DPD packet after not receiving anything for <idle> seconds. Use 0 to disable DPD completely (both ways).
Default: 300
conf-variable: DPD idle timeout (our side) <0,10-86400>
--non-inter: Don't ask anything, exit on missing options
conf-variable: Noninteractive
--auth-mode <psk/cert/hybrid>: Authentication mode:
o psk: pre-shared key (default)
o cert: server + client certificate (not implemented yet) o hybrid: server certificate + xauth (if built with openssl
support); Default: psk
conf-variable: IKE Authmode <psk/cert/hybrid>
--ca-file <filename>: filename and path to the CA-PEM-File
conf-variable: CA-File <filename>
--ca-dir <directory>: path of the trusted CA-Directory
Default: /etc/ssl/certs
conf-variable: CA-Dir <directory>
--target-network <target network/netmask>: Target network in dotted decimal or CIDR notation
Default: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
conf-variable: IPSEC target network <target network/netmask>
--dns-update: DEPRECATED extension, see README.Debian for details
Default: Yes
conf-variable: DNSUpdate
--target-networks: DEPRECATED extension, see README.Debian for details
Default:
conf-variable: Target Networks
--print-config: Prints your configuration; output can be used as vpnc.conf

FILES

/etc/vpnc.conf /etc/vpnc/default.conf: The default configuration file. You can specify the same config directives as with command line options and additionaly IPSec secret and Xauth password both supplying a cleartext password. Scrambled passwords from the Cisco configuration profiles can be used with IPSec obfuscated secret and Xauth obfuscated password.; See EXAMPLES for further details.
/etc/vpnc/*.conf: vpnc will read configuration files in this directory when the config filename (with or without .conf) is specified on the command line.

EXAMPLES

This is an example vpnc.conf with pre-shared keys:: IPSec gateway vpn.example.com
IPSec ID ExampleVpnPSK
IKE Authmode psk
IPSec secret PskS3cret!
Xauth username user@example.com
Xauth password USecr3t
And another one with hybrid authentication (requires that vpnc was built with openssl support):: IPSec gateway vpn.example.com
IPSec ID ExampleVpnHybrid
IKE Authmode hybrid
CA-Dir /etc/vpnc
or
CA-File /etc/vpnc/vpn-example-com.pem
IPSec secret HybS3cret?
Xauth username user@example.com
Xauth password 123456
The lines begin with a keyword (no leading spaces!). The values start exactly one space after the keywords, and run to the end of line. This lets you put any kind of weird character (except CR, LF and NUL) in your strings, but it does mean you can't add comments after a string, or spaces before them.
In case the the CA-Dir option is used, your certificate needs to be named something like 722d15bd.X, where X is a manually assigned number to make sure that files with colliding hashes have different names. The number can be derived from the certificate file itself:
openssl x509 -subject_hash -noout -in /etc/vpnc/vpn-example-com.pem
See also the --print-config option to generate a config file, and the example file in the package documentation directory where more advanced usage is demonstrated.
Advanced features like manual setting of multiple target routes and disabling /etc/resolv.conf rewriting is documented in the README of the vpnc package.

ADVANCED USAGE

The vpnc-connect stript shipped with Debian has some additional features:

Custom route setting: By default, the default route is deleted after connection and replaced with the new one (going trough the VPN tunnel device). However, some people wish to limit the target address range to few IP ranges. This can be done using the config directive Target networks in the config file. For example: Target networks 123.234.210.0/24 10.1.0.0/16
Multiple config profiles management: You can have multiple config files and select one on connection by specifying a short profile name instead of a config file path. In this case, the file /etc/vpnc/PROFILE.conf is used as config file (where PROFILE is the short profile name).
/etc/resolv.conf update: If the package resolvconf is installed and the VPN gateway sends some DNS server data, the script will use resolution to integrate the received data into /etc/resolv.conf. To disable this behaviour, set the config directive DNSUpdate to the no value.

TODO

Certificate support (Pre-Shared-Key + XAUTH is known to be insecure).
Further points can be found in the TODO file.

AUTHOR

This man-page has been written by Eduard Bloch <blade(at)debian.org> and Christian Lackas <delta(at)lackas.net>, based on vpnc README by Maurice Massar <vpnc(at)unix-ag.uni-kl.de>. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU General Public License, Version 2 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.

On Debian systems, the complete text of the GNU General Public License can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL.

docs.sk

comprehensive documentation repository

See also