BUSYBOX(1)

NAME

BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

SYNTAX

busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or

<applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked

DESCRIPTION

BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a
single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most
of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc.
The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their fullfeatured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide
the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU
counterparts.

BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources
in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or
exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to
customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add
/dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete
POSIX environment for any small or embedded system.

BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.

After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to
install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the
target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set
when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make
CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet
installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.

USAGE

BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable
program that performs the same job as more than one utility program.
That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single
binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to
be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them
applets) can share code for many common operations.

You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering
/bin/busybox ls
will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful.
So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.
For example, entering

ln -s /bin/busybox ls
./ls
will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been
compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to
make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run the 'make install' command.
If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a
list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.

COMMON OPTIONS

Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior. If the
CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed
usage information will also be available.

COMMANDS

Currently available applets include:
[, [[, acpid, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arping, ash, awk, basename, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chvt, clear, cmp, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, df, dirname, dmesg, dnsdomainname, dos2unix, dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, env, expand, expr, false, fbset, fdflush, fdisk, fgrep, find, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck.minix, ftpget, ftpput, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hwclock, id, ifconfig, ifdown, ifup, init, ionice, ip, ipcalc, kill, killall, klogd, last, length, less,
linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, ls, lzcat, makedevs, md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, more, mount, mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nslookup, od, openvt, passwd, patch, pidof, ping, ping6, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, rdate, readlink, realpath, reboot, renice, reset, rm, rmdir, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, run-parts, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, sleep, sort, start-stop-daemon, strings, stty, su, sulogin, swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, traceroute6, true, tty, tunctl, udhcpc, udhcpd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlzma, unzip, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat

COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

acpid
acpid [-d] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE]
[EVDEV_EVENT_FILE]...
Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival
Options:

-d Don't daemonize, log to stderr
-c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi]
-e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event]
-l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid]
addgroup
addgroup [-g GID] GROUP
Add a group
Options:

-g GID Group id
-S Create a system group
adduser
adduser [OPTIONS] USER
Add a user
Options:

-h DIR Home directory
-g GECOS GECOS field
-s SHELL Login shell
-G GRP Add user to existing group
-S Create a system user
-D Don't assign a password
-H Don't create home directory
-u UID User id
adjtimex
adjtimex [-q] [-o OFF] [-f FREQ] [-p TCONST] [-t TICK]
Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See adjtimex(2)
Options:

-q Quiet
-o OFF Time offset, microseconds
-f FREQ Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
(positive values make clock run faster)
-t TICK Microseconds per tick, usually 10000
-p TCONST
ar ar [-o] [-v] [-p] [-t] [-x] ARCHIVE FILES

Extract or list FILES from an ar archive
Options:

-o Preserve original dates
-p Extract to stdout
-t List
-x Extract
-v Verbose
arping
arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP]
DST_IP
Send ARP requests/replies
Options:

-f Quit on first ARP reply
-q Quiet
-b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast
-D Duplicated address detection mode
-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors -A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors
-c N Stop after sending N ARP requests
-w TIMEOUT Time to wait for ARP reply, seconds
-I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
-s SRC_IP Sender IP address
DST_IP Target IP address
awk awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...

Options:

-v VAR=VAL Set variable
-F SEP Use SEP as field separator
-f FILE Read program from FILE
basename
basename FILE [SUFFIX]
Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from FILE
brctl
brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [INTERFACE]]
Manage ethernet bridges
Commands:

addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE
delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE
addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE
delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE
bunzip2
bunzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
Options:

-c Write to stdout
-f Force
bzcat
bzcat FILE
Decompress to stdout
bzip2
bzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm
Options:

-1..9 Compression level
-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
cal cal [-jy] [[MONTH] YEAR]

Display a calendar
Options:

-j Use julian dates
-y Display the entire year
cat cat [FILE]...

Concatenate FILEs and print them to stdout
chgrp
chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE...
Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP
Options:

-R Recurse
-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
-P Don't traverse symlinks (default)
-c List changed files
-v Verbose
-f Hide errors
chmod
chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols
+-= and one or more of the letters rwxst
Options:

-R Recurse
-c List changed files
-v List all files
-f Hide errors
chown
chown [-RhLHPcvf]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP
Options:

-R Recurse
-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
-P Don't traverse symlinks (default)
-c List changed files
-v List all files
-f Hide errors
chroot
chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS]
Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT
chvt
chvt N
Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
clear
clear
Clear screen
cmp cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]]

Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin)
Options:

-l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
for all differing bytes
-s Quiet
cp cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST

Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY
Options:

-a Same as -dpR
-R,-r Recurse
-d,-P Preserve symlinks (default if -R)
-L Follow all symlinks
-H Follow symlinks on command line
-p Preserve file attributes if possible
-f Overwrite
-i Prompt before overwrite
-l,-s Create (sym)links
cpio
cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-H newc] [-tio]
Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create an archive
using file list on stdin
Main operation mode:

-t List
-i Extract
-o Create (requires -H newc)
Options:

-d Make leading directories
-m Preserve mtime
-v Verbose
-u Overwrite
-F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file
-H newc Archive format
crond
crond -fbS -l N -L LOGFILE -c DIR

-f Foreground
-b Background (default)
-S Log to syslog (default)
-l Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8
-L Log to file
-c Working dir
crontab
crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE]

-c Crontab directory
-u User
-l List crontab
-e Edit crontab
-r Delete crontab
FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)
cut cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

Print selected fields from each input FILE to stdout
Options:

-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
-c LIST Output only characters from LIST
-d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
-s Output only the lines containing delimiter
-f N Print only these fields
-n Ignored
date
date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME]
Display time (using +FMT), or set time
Options:

[-s,--set] TIME Set time to TIME
-u,--utc Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
-R,--rfc-2822 Output RFC-2822 compliant date string
-I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 compliant date string
SPEC='date' (default) for date only,
'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and time to the indicated precision
-r,--reference FILE Display last modification time of FILE -d,--date TIME Display TIME, not 'now'
-D FMT Use FMT for -d TIME conversion
Recognized TIME formats:

hh:mm[:ss]
[YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
[[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]
dc dc expression...

Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: +, add, -, sub, *, mul, /, div, %, mod, **, exp, and, or, not, eor, p - print top of the stack
(without altering the stack), f - print entire stack, o - pop the
value and set output radix (value must be 10 or 16). Examples: 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, 'dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /' -> 16
dd dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N]

Copy a file with converting and formatting
Options:

if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time
count=N Copy only N input blocks
skip=N Skip N input blocks
seek=N Skip N output blocks
Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G
(x1073741824)
deallocvt
deallocvt [N]
Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
delgroup
delgroup GROUP
Delete group GROUP from the system
deluser
deluser USER
Delete USER from the system
df df [-Pkmhai] [-B SIZE] [FILESYSTEM]...

Print filesystem usage statistics
Options:

-P POSIX output format
-k 1024-byte blocks (default)
-m 1M-byte blocks
-h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G)
-a Show all filesystems
-i Inodes
-B SIZE Blocksize
dirname
dirname FILENAME
Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME
dmesg
dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]
Print or control the kernel ring buffer
Options:

-c Clear ring buffer after printing
-n LEVEL Set console logging level
-s SIZE Buffer size
dos2unix
dos2unix [OPTIONS] [FILE]
Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is
given, use stdin/stdout.
Options:

-u dos2unix
-d unix2dos
dpkg
dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F OPT] PACKAGE
Install, remove and manage Debian packages
Options:

-i,--install Install the package
-l,--list List of installed packages
--configure Configure an unpackaged package
-P,--purge Purge all files of a package
-r,--remove Remove all but the configuration files for a package --unpack Unpack a package, but don't configure it
--force-depends Ignore dependency problems
--force-confnew Overwrite existing config files when installing --force-confold Keep old config files when installing
dpkg-deb
dpkg-deb [-cefxX] FILE [argument]
Perform actions on Debian packages (.debs)
Options:

-c List contents of filesystem tree
-e Extract control files to [argument] directory
-f Display control field name starting with [argument] -x Extract packages filesystem tree to directory
-X Verbose extract
du du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...

Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk
space is printed in units of 1024 bytes.
Options:

-a Show file sizes too
-L Follow all symlinks
-H Follow symlinks on command line
-d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N -c Show grand total
-l Count sizes many times if hard linked
-s Display only a total for each argument
-x Skip directories on different filesystems
-h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) -m Sizes in megabytes
-k Sizes in kilobytes (default)
dumpkmap
dumpkmap > keymap
Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout
dumpleases
dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE]
Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd
Options:

-f,--file=FILE Lease file
-r,--remaining Show remaining time
-a,--absolute Show expiration time
echo
echo [-neE] [ARG]...
Print the specified ARGs to stdout
Options:

-n Suppress trailing newline
-e Interpret backslash escapes (i.e., \t=tab)
-E Don't interpret backslash escapes (default)
ed ed
eject
eject [-t] [-T] [DEVICE]
Eject DEVICE or default /dev/cdrom
Options:

-s SCSI device
-t Close tray
-T Open/close tray (toggle)
env env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [PROG ARGS]

Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the
specified environment
Options:

-, -i Start with an empty environment
-u Remove variable from the environment
expand
expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]...
Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout
Options:

-i,--initial Don't convert tabs after non blanks
-t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars
expr
expr EXPRESSION
Print the value of EXPRESSION to stdout
EXPRESSION may be:

ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: ARG1 <= ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
ARG1 - ARG2
ARG1 * ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2
STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 length STRING Length of STRING
quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
it is a keyword like 'match' or an operator like '/'
(EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the
number of characters matched or 0.
false
false
Return an exit code of FALSE (1)
fbset
fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE]
Show and modify frame buffer settings
fdflush
fdflush DEVICE
Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change
fdisk
fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK
Change partition table
Options:

-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) -l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit -b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors -C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
-H HEADS
-S SECTORS
find
find [PATH]... [EXPRESSION]
Search for files. The default PATH is the current directory,
default EXPRESSION is '-print'
EXPRESSION may consist of:

-follow Follow symlinks
-xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems -maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies
tests/actions to command line arguments only
-mindepth N Don't act on first N levels
-name PATTERN File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name
-path PATTERN Path matches PATTERN
-regex PATTERN Path matches regex PATTERN
-type X File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...) -perm NNN Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (-NNN),
or exactly NNN
-mtime DAYS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
or exactly N days
-mmin MINS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
or exactly N minutes
-newer FILE Modified time is more recent than FILE's
-inum N File has inode number N
-user NAME File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed) -group NAME File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed) -depth Process directory name after traversing it -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.))
+/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
-links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
or exactly N
-print Print (default and assumed)
-print0 Delimit output with null characters rather than
newlines
-exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the
matching files
-prune Stop traversing current subtree
(EXPR) Group an expression
fold
fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...
Wrap input lines in each FILE (or stdin), writing to stdout
Options:

-b Count bytes rather than columns
-s Break at spaces
-w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80
free
free
Display the amount of free and used system memory
freeramdisk
freeramdisk DEVICE
Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk
fsck.minix
fsck.minix [-larvsmf] BLOCKDEV
Check MINIX filesystem
Options:

-l List all filenames
-r Perform interactive repairs
-a Perform automatic repairs
-v Verbose
-s Output superblock information
-m Show "mode not cleared" warnings
-f Force file system check
ftpget
ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE
Retrieve a remote file via FTP
Options:

-c,--continue Continue previous transfer
-v,--verbose Verbose
-u,--username Username
-p,--password Password
-P,--port Port number
ftpput
ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE
Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP
Options:

-v,--verbose Verbose
-u,--username Username
-p,--password Password
-P,--port Port number
getopt
getopt [OPTIONS]
Options:

-a,--alternative Allow long options starting with single -l,--longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized -n,--name=progname The name under which errors are reported -o,--options=optstring Short options to be recognized -q,--quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3) -Q,--quiet-output No normal output
-s,--shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions -T,--test Test for getopt(1) version -u,--unquoted Don't quote the output
getty
getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE TTY [TERMTYPE]
Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login
Options:

-h Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control
-i Don't display /etc/issue before running login -L Local line, don't do carrier detect
-m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message -w Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue -n Don't prompt the user for a login name
-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
-l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login
-t SEC Terminate after SEC if no username is read -I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else
-H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname
grep
grep [-HhnlLoqvsriwFEz] [-m N] [-A/B/C N] PATTERN/-e PATTERN.../-f FILE [FILE]...
Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin)
Options:

-H Add 'filename:' prefix
-h Do not add 'filename:' prefix
-n Add 'line_no:' prefix
-l Show only names of files that match
-L Show only names of files that don't match
-c Show only count of matching lines
-o Show only the matching part of line
-q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
-v Select non-matching lines
-s Suppress open and read errors
-r Recurse
-i Ignore case
-w Match whole words only
-F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp)
-E PATTERN is an extended regexp
-z Input is NUL terminated
-m N Match up to N times per file
-A N Print N lines of trailing context
-B N Print N lines of leading context
-C N Same as '-A N -B N'
-e PTRN Pattern to match
-f FILE Read pattern from file
gunzip
gunzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
Options:

-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-t Test file integrity
gzip
gzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Compress FILEs (or stdin)
Options:

-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
halt
halt [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f] [-w]
Halt the system
Options:

-d Delay interval for halting
-n No call to sync()
-f Force halt (don't go through init)
-w Only write a wtmp record
head
head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print first 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.
Options:

-n N[kbm] Print first N lines
-c N[kbm] Print first N bytes
-q Never print headers
-v Always print headers
N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2).
hexdump
hexdump [-bcCdefnosvx] [FILE]...
Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format
Options:

-b One-byte octal display
-c One-byte character display
-C Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line
-d Two-byte decimal display
-e FORMAT STRING
-f FORMAT FILE
-n LENGTH Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input
-o Two-byte octal display
-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes
-v Display all input data
-x Two-byte hexadecimal display
hostid
hostid
Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine
hostname
hostname [OPTIONS] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]
Get or set hostname or DNS domain name
Options:

-s Short
-i Addresses for the hostname
-d DNS domain name
-f Fully qualified domain name
-F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname
httpd
httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-r REALM] [-h HOME]
or httpd -d/-e STRING
Listen for incoming HTTP requests
Options:

-i Inetd mode
-f Don't daemonize
-v[v] Verbose
-p [IP:]PORT Bind to ip:port (default *:80)
-r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication -h HOME Home directory (default .)
-c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf) -e STRING HTML encode STRING
-d STRING URL decode STRING
hwclock
hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [-l|--localtime] [-u|--utc] [-f FILE]
Query and set hardware clock (RTC)
Options:

-r Show hardware clock time
-s Set system time from hardware clock
-w Set hardware clock to system time
-u Hardware clock is in UTC
-l Hardware clock is in local time
-f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)
id id [OPTIONS] [USER]

Print information about USER or the current user
Options:

-u Print user ID
-g Print group ID
-G Print supplementary group IDs
-n Print name instead of a number
-r Print real user ID instead of effective ID
ifconfig
ifconfig [-a] interface [address]
Configure a network interface
Options:

[add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
[del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
[[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
[netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
[outfill NN] [keepalive NN]
[hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
[[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
[multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic]
[mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
[up|down] ...
ifdown
ifdown [-ainmvf] ifaces...
Options:

-a De/configure all interfaces automatically
-i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
-n Print out what would happen, but don't do it
(note: doesn't disable mappings)
-m Don't run any mappings
-v Print out what would happen before doing it
-f Force de/configuration
ifup
ifup [-ainmvf] IFACE...
Options:

-a De/configure all interfaces automatically
-i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
-n Print out what would happen, but don't do it
(note: doesn't disable mappings)
-m Don't run any mappings
-v Print out what would happen before doing it
-f Force de/configuration
init
init
Init is the parent of all processes
ionice
ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID] [PROG]
Change I/O priority and class
Options:

-c Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle
-n Priority
ip ip [OPTIONS] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} {COMMAND}

ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND} where OBJECT := {address | route |
link | tunnel | rule} OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link } | -o[neline] }
ipcalc
ipcalc [OPTIONS] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [NETMASK]
Calculate IP network settings from a IP address
Options:

-b,--broadcast Display calculated broadcast address
-n,--network Display calculated network address
-m,--netmask Display default netmask for IP
-p,--prefix Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK
-h,--hostname Display first resolved host name
-s,--silent Don't ever display error messages
kill
kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...
Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs
Options:

-l List all signal names and numbers
killall
killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME...
Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes
Options:

-l List all signal names and numbers
-q Don't complain if no processes were killed
klogd
klogd [-c N] [-n]
Kernel logger
Options:

-c N Only messages with level < N are printed to console -n Run in foreground
last
last
Show listing of the last users that logged into the system
length
length STRING
Print STRING's length
less
less [-EMNmh~I?] [FILE]...
View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time
Options:

-E Quit once the end of a file is reached
-M,-m Display status line with line numbers
and percentage through the file
-N Prefix line number to each line
-I Ignore case in all searches
-~ Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file
ln ln [OPTIONS] TARGET... LINK|DIR

Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)
Options:

-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
-f Remove existing destinations
-n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file -b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation -S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files
loadfont
loadfont < font
Load a console font from stdin
loadkmap
loadkmap < keymap
Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin
logger
logger [OPTIONS] [MESSAGE]
Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog
Options:

-s Log to stderr as well as the system log
-t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) -p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair)
login
login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER]
Begin a new session on the system
Options:

-f Don't authenticate (user already authenticated)
-h Name of the remote host
-p Preserve environment
logname
logname
Print the name of the current user
logread
logread [OPTIONS]
Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer
Options:

-f Output data as log grows
losetup
losetup [-o OFS] LOOPDEV FILE - associate loop devices losetup -d LOOPDEV - disassociate losetup [-f] - show
Options:

-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE
-f Show first free loop device
ls ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [FILE]...

List directory contents
Options:

-1 List in a single column
-A Don't list . and ..
-a Don't hide entries starting with .
-C List by columns
-c With -l: sort by ctime
--color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloring
-d List directory entries instead of contents
-e List full date and time
-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
-i List inode numbers
-l Long listing format
-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
-p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
-L List entries pointed to by symlinks
-R Recurse
-r Sort in reverse order
-S Sort by file size
-s List the size of each file, in blocks
-T N Assume tabstop every N columns
-t With -l: sort by modification time
-u With -l: sort by access time
-v Sort by version
-w N Assume the terminal is N columns wide
-x List by lines
-X Sort by extension
-h List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G)
lzcat
lzcat FILE
Decompress to stdout
makedevs
makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir
Create a range of special files as specified in a device table.
Device table entries take the form of:
<type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count>
Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f Regular file d Directory c Character device b Block device p Fifo (named pipe) uid is the user id for the
target file, gid is the group id for the target file. The rest of
the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to device special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries.
md5sum
md5sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print MD5 checksums
mdev
mdev [-s]

-s Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot
It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it:
echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
mesg
mesg [y|n]
Control write access to your terminal y Allow write access to your terminal n Disallow write access to your terminal
microcom
microcom [-d DELAY] [-t TIMEOUT] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY
Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout
Options:

-d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every
next byte to it
-t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms -s Set serial line to SPEED
-X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin
mkdir
mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...
Create DIRECTORY
Options:

-m Mode
-p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed
mkfifo
mkfifo [OPTIONS] name
Create named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')
Options:

-m MODE Mode (default a=rw)
mkfs.minix
mkfs.minix [-c | -l FILE] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]
Make a MINIX filesystem
Options:

-c Check device for bad blocks
-n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames
-i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem
-l FILE Read bad blocks list from FILE
-v Make version 2 filesystem
mknod
mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)
Options:

-m Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
TYPEs include:

b: Make a block device
c or u: Make a character device
p: Make a named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored)
mkswap
mkswap [OPTIONS] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]
Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition
Options:

-L LBL Label
mktemp
mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]
Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its
name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).
Options:

-d Make a directory instead of a file
-t Generate a path rooted in temporary directory
-p DIR Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies -t)
For -t or -p, directory is chosen as follows: $TMPDIR if set, else -p DIR, else /tmp
more
more [FILE]...
View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time
mount
mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPTS] DEVICE NODE
Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.
Options:

-a Mount all filesystems in fstab
-i Don't run mount helper
-r Read-only mount
-w Read-write mount (default)
-t FSTYPE Filesystem type
-O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only)
-o OPT:
loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
[a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous
[no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files
[no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files
[no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs
[r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
[r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
[r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted bind Bind a file or directory to another location move Relocate an existing mount point
remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags ro/rw Same as -r/-w
There are filesystem-specific -o flags.
mt mt [-f device] opcode value

Control magnetic tape drive operation
Available Opcodes:
bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm
fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock weof wset
mv mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST or: mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE... DIRECTORY

Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY
Options:

-f Don't prompt before overwriting
-i Interactive, prompt before overwrite
nameif
nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [{IFNAME MACADDR}]
Rename network interface while it in the down state
Options:

-c FILE Use configuration file (default: /etc/mactab) -s Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility)
IFNAME MACADDR new_interface_name interface_mac_address
nc nc [IPADDR PORT]

Open a pipe to IP:PORT
netstat
netstat [-laentuwxr]
Display networking information
Options:

-l Display listening server sockets
-a Display all sockets (default: connected)
-e Display other/more information
-n Don't resolve names
-t Tcp sockets
-u Udp sockets
-w Raw sockets
-x Unix sockets
-r Display routing table
nslookup
nslookup [HOST] [SERVER]
Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST
optionally using a specified DNS server
od od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-t TYPE] [FILE]

Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of
FILE (or stdin) to stdout
openvt
openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG ARGS]
Start PROG on a new virtual terminal
Options:

-c N Use specified VT
-s Switch to the VT
-w Wait for PROG to exit
passwd
passwd [OPTIONS] [USER]
Change USER's password. If no USER is specified, changes the
password for the current user.
Options:

-a Algorithm to use for password (des, md5)
-d Delete password for the account
-l Lock (disable) account
-u Unlock (re-enable) account
patch
patch [OPTIONS] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]]

-p,--strip N Strip N leading components from file names -i,--input DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin
-R,--reverse Reverse patch
-N,--forward Ignore already applied patches
--dry-run Don't actually change files
pidof
pidof [NAME]...
List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs
ping
ping [OPTIONS] HOST
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
Options:

-4, -6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
-c CNT Send only CNT pings
-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source
-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10)
(after all -c CNT packets are sent)
-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
(can exit earlier with -c CNT)
-q Quiet, only displays output at start
and when finished
ping6
ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
Options:

-c CNT Send only CNT pings
-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source
-q Quiet, only displays output at start
and when finished
pivot_root
pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD
Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the new root file system
poweroff
poweroff [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f]
Halt and shut off power
Options:

-d Delay interval for halting
-n Do not sync
-f Force power off (don't go through init)
printf
printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
Format and print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, where FORMAT
controls the output exactly as in C printf
ps ps [-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [-T]

Show list of processes
Options:

-o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display
-T Show threads
pwd pwd

Print the full filename of the current working directory
rdate
rdate [-sp] HOST
Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST
Options:

-s Set the system date and time (default)
-p Print the date and time
readlink
readlink [-fnv] FILE
Display the value of a symlink
Options:

-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks
-n Don't add newline
-v Verbose
realpath
realpath FILE...
Return the absolute pathnames of given FILE
reboot
reboot [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f]
Reboot the system
Options:

-d Delay interval for rebooting
-n No call to sync()
-f Force reboot (don't go through init)
renice
renice {{-n INCREMENT} | PRIORITY} [[-p | -g | -u] ID...]
Change scheduling priority for a running process
Options:

-n Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster)
-p Process id(s) (default)
-g Process group id(s)
-u Process user name(s) and/or id(s)
reset
reset
Reset the screen
rm rm [OPTIONS] FILE...

Remove (unlink) FILEs
Options:

-i Always prompt before removing
-f Never prompt
-R,-r Recurse
rmdir
rmdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...
Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty
Options:

-p|--parents Include parents
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
route
route [{add|del|delete}]
Edit kernel routing tables
Options:

-n Don't resolve names
-e Display other/more information
-A inet{6} Select address family
rpm rpm -i PACKAGE.rpm; rpm -qp[ildc] PACKAGE.rpm

Manipulate RPM packages
Commands:

-i Install package
-qp Query package
Options:

-i Show information
-l List contents
-d List documents
-c List config files
rpm2cpio
rpm2cpio package.rpm
Output a cpio archive of the rpm file
run-parts
run-parts [-t] [-a ARG] [-u MASK] DIRECTORY
Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY
Options:

-t Print what would be run, but don't actually run anything -a ARG Pass ARG as argument for every program
-u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program
sed sed [-efinr] SED_CMD [FILE]...

Options:

-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
-f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
-i Edit files in-place (else sends result to stdout)
-n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
-r Use extended regex syntax
If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command
string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).
setkeycodes
setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE...
Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing
unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is
given in decimal.
sha1sum
sha1sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print SHA1 checksums
sha256sum
sha256sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print SHA256 checksums
sha512sum
sha512sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print SHA512 checksums
sleep
sleep [N]...
Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each
arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours,
or (d)ays
sort
sort [-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [-o FILE] [-k
start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...
Sort lines of text
Options:

-b Ignore leading blanks
-c Check whether input is sorted
-d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
-f Ignore case
-g General numerical sort
-i Ignore unprintable characters
-k Sort key
-M Sort month
-n Sort numbers
-o Output to file
-k Sort by key
-t CHAR Key separator
-r Reverse sort order
-s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically)
-u Suppress duplicate lines
-z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline
-mST Ignored for GNU compatibility
start-stop-daemon
start-stop-daemon [OPTIONS] [-S|-K] ... [-- ARGS...]
Search for matching processes, and then -K: stop all matching
processes. -S: start a process unless a matching process is found.
Process matching:

-u,--user USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes
-n,--name NAME Match processes with NAME
in comm field in /proc/PID/stat
-x,--exec EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command
in /proc/PID/cmdline
-p,--pidfile FILE Match a process with PID from the file All specified conditions must match
-S only:
-x,--exec EXECUTABLE Program to run
-a,--startas NAME Zeroth argument
-b,--background Background
-N,--nicelevel N Change nice level
-c,--chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group
-m,--make-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by -p
-K only:
-s,--signal SIG Signal to send
-t,--test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found
Other:

-o,--oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done -v,--verbose Verbose
-q,--quiet Quiet
strings
strings [-afo] [-n LEN] [FILE]...
Display printable strings in a binary file
Options:

-a Scan whole file (default)
-f Precede strings with filenames
-n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)
-o Precede strings with decimal offsets
stty
stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...
Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and
deviations from stty sane
Options:

-F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin
-a Print all current settings in human-readable form -g Print in stty-readable form
[SETTING] See manpage
su su [OPTIONS] [-] [USERNAME]

Change user id or become root
Options:

-p,-m Preserve environment
-c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c'
-s SH Shell to use instead of default shell
sulogin
sulogin [-t N] [TTY]
Single user login
Options:

-t N Timeout
swapoff
swapoff [-a] [DEVICE]
Stop swapping on DEVICE
Options:

-a Stop swapping on all swap devices
swapon
swapon [-a] [DEVICE]
Start swapping on DEVICE
Options:

-a Start swapping on all swap devices
sync
sync
Write all buffered blocks to disk
syslogd
syslogd [OPTIONS]
System logging utility. This version of syslogd ignores
/etc/syslog.conf
Options:

-n Run in foreground
-O FILE Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages) -l N Set local log level
-S Smaller logging output
-R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP) -L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R) -C[size(KiB)] Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread)
tac tac [FILE]...

Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse
tail
tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print last 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more
than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.
Options:

-f Print data as file grows
-s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with -f
-n N[kbm] Print last N lines
-c N[kbm] Print last N bytes
-q Never print headers
-v Always print headers
N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2). If N
starts with a '+', output begins with the Nth item from the start
of each file, not from the end.
tar tar -[cxtzjaZvO] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE]...

Create, extract, or list files from a tar file
Operation:

c Create
x Extract
t List
Options:

f Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out)
C Change to DIR before operation
v Verbose
z (De)compress using gzip
j (De)compress using bzip2
a (De)compress using lzma
Z (De)compress using compress
O Extract to stdout
h Follow symlinks
tee tee [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout
Options:

-a Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite
-i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)
telnet
telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]
Connect to telnet server
Options:

-a Automatic login with $USER variable
-l USER Automatic login as USER
telnetd
telnetd [OPTIONS]
Handle incoming telnet connections via inetd
Options:

-l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect
-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
-K Close connection as soon as login exits
(normally wait until all programs close slave pty)
test
test EXPRESSION ]
Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code
depending on logical value of EXPRESSION
tftp
tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]
Transfer a file from/to tftp server
Options:

-l FILE Local FILE
-r FILE Remote FILE
-g Get file
-p Put file
-b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets
time
time [OPTIONS] PROG ARGS
Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits
Options:

-v Verbose
timeout
timeout [-t SECS] [-s SIG] PROG ARGS
Runs PROG. Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds.
Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM.
top top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS]

Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status
of all processes from /proc each SECONDS and display a screenful of them.
touch
touch [-c] [-d DATE] FILE [FILE]...
Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]
Options:

-c Don't create files
-d DT Date/time to use
tr tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]

Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to
stdout
Options:

-c Take complement of STRING1
-d Delete input characters coded STRING1
-s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
traceroute
traceroute [-46FIldnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q
PROBES] [-s SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-g GATEWAY] [-i
IFACE] [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]
Trace the route to HOST
Options:

-4, -6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
-F Set the don't fragment bit
-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
-l Display the TTL value of the returned packet
-d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket
-n Print numeric addresses
-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
-v Verbose
-m Max time-to-live (max number of hops)
-p Base UDP port number used in probes
(default 33434)
-q Number of probes per TTL (default 3)
-s IP address to use as the source address
-t Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
-w Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3) -g Loose source route gateway (8 max)
traceroute6
traceroute6 [-dnrv] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q PROBES] [-s
SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-i IFACE] HOST [BYTES]
Trace the route to HOST
Options:

-d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket
-n Print numeric addresses
-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
-v Verbose
-m Max time-to-live (max number of hops)
-p Base UDP port number used in probes
(default is 33434)
-q Number of probes per TTL (default 3)
-s IP address to use as the source address
-t Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
-w Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3)
true
true
Return an exit code of TRUE (0)
tty tty

Print file name of stdin's terminal
Options:

-s Print nothing, only return exit status
tunctl
tunctl [-f device] ([-t name] | -d name)
Create or delete tun interfaces
Options:

-f name tun device (/dev/net/tun)
-t name Create iface 'name'
-d name Delete iface 'name'
udhcpc
udhcpc [-fbnqvoCR] [-i IFACE] [-r IP] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE]
[-H HOSTNAME] [-c CID] [-V VENDOR] [-O DHCP_OPT]...

-i,--interface IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
-p,--pidfile FILE Create pidfile
-r,--request IP IP address to request
-s,--script PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) -t,--retries N Send up to N discover packets
-T,--timeout N Pause between packets (default 3 seconds) -A,--tryagain N Wait N seconds after failure (default 20) -f,--foreground Run in foreground
-b,--background Background if lease is not obtained -S,--syslog Log to syslog too
-n,--now Exit if lease is not obtained
-q,--quit Exit after obtaining lease
-R,--release Release IP on exit
-a,--arping Use arping to validate offered address -O,--request-option OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative) -o,--no-default-options Don't request any options (unless -O is given) -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) -F,--fqdn NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME -H,-h,--hostname NAME Send NAME as client hostname (default none) -V,--vendorclass VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'udhcp VERSION') -c,--clientid CLIENTID Client identifier (default own MAC) -C,--clientid-none Don't send client identifier
udhcpd
udhcpd [-fS] [configfile]
DHCP server

-f Run in foreground
-S Log to syslog too
umount
umount [OPTIONS] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY
Unmount file systems
Options:

-a Unmount all file systems
-r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
-d Free loop device if it has been used
uname
uname [-amnrspv]
Print system information
Options:

-a Print all
-m The machine (hardware) type
-n Hostname
-r OS release
-s OS name (default)
-p Processor type
-v OS version
uncompress
uncompress [-cf] [FILE]...
Decompress .Z file[s]
Options:

-c Write to stdout
-f Overwrite
unexpand
unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]...
Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout
Options:

-a,--all Convert all blanks
-f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks
-t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars
uniq
uniq [-cdu][-f,s,w N] [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Discard duplicate lines
Options:

-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d Only print duplicate lines
-u Only print unique lines
-f N Skip first N fields
-s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
-w N Compare N characters in line
unix2dos
unix2dos [OPTIONS] [FILE]
Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is
given, use stdin/stdout.
Options:

-u dos2unix
-d unix2dos
unlzma
unlzma [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Decompress FILE (or stdin)
Options:

-c Write to stdout
-f Force
unzip
unzip [-opts[modifiers]] FILE[.zip] [LIST] [-x XLIST] [-d DIR]
Extract files from ZIP archives
Options:

-l List archive contents (with -q for short form)
-n Never overwrite files (default)
-o Overwrite
-p Send output to stdout
-q Quiet
-x XLST Exclude these files
-d DIR Extract files into DIR
uptime
uptime
Display the time since the last boot
usleep
usleep N
Pause for N microseconds
uudecode
uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE]
Uudecode a file Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless -o is given
uuencode
uuencode [-m] [INFILE] STORED_FILENAME
Uuencode a file to stdout
Options:

-m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521
vconfig
vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS]
Create and remove virtual ethernet devices
Options:

add [interface-name] [vlan_id]
rem [vlan-name]
set_flag [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1]
set_egress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
set_name_type [name-type]
vi vi [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

Edit FILE
Options:

-c Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available)
-R Read-only
-H Short help regarding available features
vlock
vlock [OPTIONS]
Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.
Options:

-a Lock all VTs
watch
watch [-n SEC] [-t] PROG ARGS
Run PROG periodically
Options:

-n Loop period in seconds (default 2)
-t Don't print header
watchdog
watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV
Periodically write to watchdog device DEV
Options:

-T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60)
-t N Reset every N seconds (default 30)
-F Run in foreground
Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds
wc wc [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE (or stdin), and a
total line if more than one FILE is specified
Options:

-c Print the byte counts
-l Print the newline counts
-L Print the length of the longest line
-w Print the word counts
wget
wget [-c|--continue] [-s|--spider] [-q|--quiet]
[-O|--output-document FILE] [--header 'header: value']
[-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P DIR] [--no-check-certificate]
[-U|--user-agent AGENT] URL
Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP
Options:

-s Spider mode - only check file existence
-c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
-q Quiet
-P Set directory prefix to DIR
-O FILE Save to FILE ('-' for stdout)
-U STR Use STR for User-Agent header
-Y Use proxy ('on' or 'off')
which
which [COMMAND]...
Locate a COMMAND
who who [-a]

Show who is logged on
Options:

-a Show all
whoami
whoami
Print the user name associated with the current effective user id
xargs
xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]
Run PROG on every item given by stdin
Options:

-r Don't run command if input is empty
-t Print the command on stderr before execution
-e[STR] STR stops input processing
-n N Pass no more than N args to PROG
-s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes
yes yes [STRING]

Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or 'y'
zcat
zcat FILE
Decompress to stdout

LIBC NSS

GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure
how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information.
This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to
avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.

If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal
functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and
/etc/shadow files without using NSS. This may allow you to run your
system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration
files and libraries.

When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly
require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in
particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*,
and /lib/libresolv*).

Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as
uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller,
uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.

MAINTAINER

Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>

AUTHORS

The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should
probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory.
If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update.

Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it>
run-parts
Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>

Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
nobody is going to actually read.
Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk>

rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm
Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com>

ftpput, ftpget
Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>

expr, hostid, logname, whoami
John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>

du, nslookup, sort
Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>

tiny-ls(ls)
Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>

fbset, ping, hostname
Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>

more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance
Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>

ipcalc
Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>

tftp client insmod powerpc support
Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>

pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.
Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>

httpd
Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com>

Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
logread), various fixes.
Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>

cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.
Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>

mktemp.c
Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu>

documentation, bugfixes, test suite
Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net>

ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence
John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>

tr
Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au>

Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.
Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org>

cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines
also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route
Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>

cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
locale, various fixes
and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.
Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>

Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
still be found hiding here and there...
Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>

bug fixes, member of fan club
Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com>

reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.
Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>

wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications
Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>

Lots of bugs fixes and patches.
Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>

Remote logging feature for syslogd
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>

mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix
Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>

grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.
Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>

gzip, mini-netcat(nc)
Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>

tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance
Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it>

devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.

version 1.17.1 2010-08-23 BUSYBOX(1)

Copyright © 2010-2025 Platon Technologies, s.r.o.           Home | Man pages | tLDP | Documents | Utilities | About
Design by styleshout