builtin(1)

NAME

builtin, !, %, ., :, @, {, }, alias, alloc, bg, bind,

bindkey, break,
breaksw, builtins, case, cd, chdir, command, complete,

continue, default,
dirs, do, done, echo, echotc, elif, else, end, endif, endsw,

esac, eval,
exec, exit, export, false, fc, fg, filetest, fi, for,

foreach, getopts,
glob, goto, hash, hashstat, history, hup, if, jobid, jobs,

kill, limit,
local, log, login, logout, ls-F, nice, nohup, notify,

onintr, popd,
printenv, pushd, pwd, read, readonly, rehash, repeat,

return, sched, set,
setenv, settc, setty, setvar, shift, source, stop, suspend,

switch,
telltc, test, then, time, trap, true, type, ulimit, umask,

unalias,
uncomplete, unhash, unlimit, unset, unsetenv, until, wait,

where, which,
while - shell built-in commands

SYNOPSIS

builtin [-options] [args ...]

DESCRIPTION

Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed

within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1)

builtin commands,
the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any

component of a
pipeline except the last.

If a command specified to the shell contains a slash ``/'',

the shell
will not execute a builtin command, even if the last compo

nent of the
specified command matches the name of a builtin command.

Thus, while
specifying ``echo'' causes a builtin command to be executed

under shells
that support the echo builtin command, specifying

``/bin/echo'' or
``./echo'' does not.

While some builtin commands may exist in more than one

shell, their operation may be different under each shell which supports them.

Below is a
table which lists shell builtin commands, the standard

shells that support them and whether they exist as standalone utilities.

Only builtin commands for the csh(1) and sh(1) shells are

listed here.
Consult a shell's manual page for details on the operation

its builtin
commands. Beware that the sh(1) manual page, at least,

calls some of
these commands ``built-in commands'' and some of them ``re

served words''.
Users of other shells may need to consult an info(1) page or

other
sources of documentation.

Commands marked ``No**'' under External do exist externally,

but are
implemented as scripts using a builtin command of the same

name.

Command External csh(1) sh(1) ! No No Yes
% No Yes No
. No No Yes
: No Yes Yes
@ No Yes Yes
{ No No Yes
} No No Yes
alias No** Yes Yes
alloc No Yes No
bg No** Yes Yes
bind No No Yes
bindkey No Yes No
break No Yes Yes
breaksw No Yes No
builtin No No Yes
builtins No Yes No
case No Yes Yes
cd No** Yes Yes
chdir No Yes Yes
command No** No Yes
complete No Yes No
continue No Yes Yes default No Yes No
dirs No Yes No
do No No Yes
done No No Yes
echo Yes Yes Yes
echotc No Yes No
elif No No Yes
else No Yes Yes
end No Yes No
endif No Yes No
endsw No Yes No
esac No No Yes
eval No Yes Yes
exec No Yes Yes
exit No Yes Yes
export No No Yes
false Yes No Yes
fc No** No Yes
fg No** Yes Yes
filetest No Yes No
fi No No Yes
for No No Yes
foreach No Yes No
getopts No** No Yes
glob No Yes No
goto No Yes No
hash No No Yes
hashstat No Yes No
history No Yes No
hup No Yes No
if No Yes Yes
jobid No No Yes
jobs No** Yes Yes
kill Yes Yes No
limit No Yes No
local No No Yes
log No Yes No
login Yes Yes No
logout No Yes No
ls-F No Yes No
nice Yes Yes No
nohup Yes Yes No
notify No Yes No
onintr No Yes No
popd No Yes No
printenv Yes Yes No
pushd No Yes No
pwd Yes No Yes
read No** No Yes
readonly No No Yes rehash No Yes No
repeat No Yes No
return No No Yes
sched No Yes No
set No Yes Yes
setenv No Yes No
settc No Yes No
setty No Yes No
setvar No No Yes
shift No Yes Yes
source No Yes No
stop No Yes No
suspend No Yes No
switch No Yes No
telltc No Yes No
test Yes No Yes
then No No Yes
time Yes Yes No
trap No No Yes
true Yes No Yes
type No No Yes
ulimit No No Yes
umask No** Yes Yes
unalias No** Yes Yes
uncomplete No Yes No unhash No Yes No
unlimit No Yes No
unset No Yes Yes
unsetenv No Yes No
until No No Yes
wait No** Yes Yes
where No Yes No
which Yes Yes No
while No Yes Yes

SEE ALSO

csh(1), echo(1), false(1), info(1), kill(1), login(1),

nice(1), nohup(1),
printenv(1), pwd(1), sh(1), test(1), time(1), true(1),

which(1)

HISTORY

The builtin manual page first appeared in FreeBSD 3.4.

AUTHORS

This manual page was written by Sheldon Hearn <shel

donh@FreeBSD.org>.

BSD February 23, 2005

BSD